摘 要
如今，高速铁路得到了充分的发展，成为重要的交通运输方式。高速铁路轨道结构的主要形式包括：有砟轨道和无砟轨道。但由于随着行车速度的提高,有砟轨道不均匀下沉产生的120Hz以下频率范围的严重激振,轨道破损和变形加剧,从而使维修工作量显著增加,维修周期明显缩短。所以如今主要采用无砟轨道，相比有砟轨道优点明显。但随着高速铁路的发展，列车运行速度提高，运量加大，铁路轨道的各种磨耗病害问题也随之而来，而高速列车对行运平稳性和安全性有更高的要求，这就使得养护维修工作变得更加困难。很多人对高速铁路无砟轨道结构线路维护技术还缺乏全面系统地了解和认识，对无砟轨道的病害还不是很了解，经验不足，掌握不准。
通过总结出无砟轨道结构的几种病害特征及分类，通过研究无砟轨道的病害机理，病害特点，提出有效的检查方法，得出无砟轨道病害的预防措施、控制措施和标准使得养护维修工作符合现代高速铁路安全要求。其次，本文着重介绍了CRTSII型无砟轨道轨道板裂缝的影响、特征、成因。随后，本文介绍了CRTSII型无砟轨道轨道板裂缝的国内外控制标准、预防措施以及修补方法。
关键词： 高速铁路 无砟轨道 病害 养护维修
Abstract
Today, high-speed rail has been fully developed, has become an important means of transportation.The main form of high-speed railway track structure includes:Ballasted and ballastless track rail.However, due to the speed with increasing traffic,Severe excitation frequencies below 120Hz range ballasted track produced uneven subsidence and track damage and aggravate deformation,So that a significant increase in the workload of maintenance, repair cycle is shortened.So now mainly uses ballastless track, compared to ballasted track obvious advantages.But with the development of high-speed railway, train speed, volume increase, a variety of wear disease problems has cropped up in railway track.High-speed trains on the line smooth operation and security have higher requirements, which makes maintenance and repair work more difficult.Many people on the high-speed railway line ballastless track structure maintenance techniques still lack a comprehensive and systematic knowledge and understanding on the ballastless track diseases is not very understanding, lack of experience, grasp allowed.
By summing the ballastless track structure characteristics and classification of several diseases and studying the mechanism of ballastless track diseases, disease characteristics,we can propose effective method and draw ballastless track disease prevention and control measures and standards .So that maintenance and repair work meet modern safety requirements for high-speed rail.Then,the paper mostly introduces the impacts what cracks make，the characteristics of cracks and how they form. Subsequently the paper introduces the domestic and foreign controlling standards what are made to prevent cracks and the measures how to repairt them．
Key words: high Speed Rail ballastless track plant disease maintenance technology
目 录
第1章 绪论 ............................................................ 1 1.1 研究背景和意义 ................................................... 1 1.1.1研究背景 ...................................................... 1 1.1.2研究意义 ...................................................... 2 1.2 无砟轨道的常用结构形式介绍 ....................................... 2 第2章 高速铁路无砟轨道主要病害 ........................................ 4 2.1 CA砂浆损伤 ....................................................... 4 2.1.1 CA砂浆常见伤损病害 ........................................... 4 2.1.2 CA砂浆伤损修复的原则 ......................................... 5 2.2轨道板裂缝 ........................................................ 6 2.2.1道板裂缝的特征 ................................................ 6 2.2.2轨道板裂缝形成的原因 .......................................... 6 2.2.3轨道板裂缝的预防措施 .......................................... 7 2.3轨道板内部问题 .................................................... 7 2.4轨道板内钢筋异常 .................................................. 8 2.5 无砟轨道底座板裂缝 ................................................ 8 2.6钢轨波形磨耗 ...................................................... 9 2.6.1线路条件对波磨的影响 .......................................... 9 2.6.2走行部构造对波磨的影响 ....................................... 10 2.6.3其它影响因素 ................................................. 10 2.6.4波磨的减缓措施及思路 ......................................... 11 2.7 无砟轨道道岔病害 ................................................. 12 2.8 预埋套管伤损病害 ................................................. 14 2.9混凝土伤损 ....................................................... 14 2.10高速铁路路基病害 ................................................ 15 第3章 CRTSII型板式轨道轨道板裂缝的分类及裂缝成因分析 ................. 17 3.1 混凝土的材料特点及裂缝的影响 ..................................... 17 3.1.1 钢筋锈蚀 ..................................................... 17 3.1.2 混凝土碳化 ................................................... 17 3.2 混凝土裂缝形成原因 ............................................... 17 3.2.1 设计原因 ..................................................... 17
3.2.2 配合比原因 ................................................... 18 3.2.3 材料原因 ..................................................... 18 3.2.4 施工及现场养护原因 ........................................... 18 3.3 混凝土开裂机理 ................................................... 19 3.3.1 塑性收缩 ..................................................... 19 3.3.2 温度收缩 ..................................................... 19 3.3.3 自生收缩和干燥收缩 ........................................... 19 3.3.4 在强度增长过程中受到外加荷载作用 ............................. 19 3.4 轨道板裂缝的特征 ................................................. 19 3.5 轨道板裂缝的出现部位 ............................................. 20 3.6 轨道板裂缝成因分析 ............................................... 20 3.6.1 荷载裂缝 ..................................................... 20 3.6.2 温度裂缝 ..................................................... 21 3.6.3 混凝土收缩引起裂缝 ........................................... 22 3.6.4 钢轨的伸长引起裂缝 ........................................... 23 3.6.5 混凝土骨料塑性沉落引起裂缝 ................................... 24 3.6.6 新旧混凝土粘结不良引起裂缝 ................................... 24 3.6.7 钢筋锈蚀裂缝 ................................................. 24 3.6.8 碱骨料反应裂缝 ............................................... 24 3.6.9 施工工艺不当造成的裂缝 ....................................... 24 3.6.10 冻胀裂缝 .................................................... 25 3.6.11 其他因素引起的裂缝 .......................................... 25 第4章 CRTSII型板式轨道板裂缝预防措施及修补方法 ....................... 26 4.1 裂缝控制标准 ..................................................... 26 4.1.1 相关行业混凝土裂缝控制标准 ................................... 26 4.1.2无砟轨道裂缝控制标准 ......................................... 28 4.2 裂缝的预防措施 ................................................... 29 4.2.1 优化结构设计 ................................................. 29
4.2.1.1 混凝土保护层厚度 ....................................... 29 4.2.1.2 钢筋配置 ............................................... 30 4.2.2 优化原材料 ................................................... 31 4.2.3 优化混凝土配合比 ............................................. 31 4.2.4 改进施工工艺 ................................................. 31
4.2.5 裂缝的针对性防治 ............................................. 33 4.3 裂缝的修补方法 ................................................... 35 4.3.1 开槽填补法 ................................................... 35 4.3.2 低压注浆法 ................................................... 35 4.3.3 表面封闭法 ................................................... 36 4.3.4 树脂灌注法 ................................................... 36 4.3.5填充密封法 ................................................... 37 第5章 总结 ......................................................... 39 参考文献 .............................................................. 41 致谢 .................................................................. 42 附录 .................................................................. 43