Questions 1—5
Complete the article with the following sentences. There are two extra sentences that you do not need to use.
A. When we remember something, we use all of our senses: sight, touch, taste, smell, and hearing. B. The police often create false memories when they ask crime victims questions.
C. In one experiment on false memories, Loftus talked to people about their childhood. D. Why are many of our childhood memories probably false ones? E. But what is the purpose of the Bugs Bunny experiment?
F. How could a group of strangers all have the same false memory?
G. That is why the police need to be very careful about how they ask questions, says Loftus. 1.
【答案】 C
【解析】
横线后文中说到，这些人互不相识，但他们当中有36％的人拥有相同的记忆。这是一个实验的结果。那么横线处就是对试验的介绍。因此选C项。 2.
【答案】 F
【解析】
根据横线后文可知，此段仍然讲的是兔八哥的试验。Loftus说将错误信息输入某人的大脑是十分容易的，只需要告诉此人相关错误信息。这就是解释上文中兔八哥试验中为什么这么多人拥有相同的错误信息。因此选F项。 3.
【答案】 A
【解析】
横线后文指出，这就是Loftus使用如“毛茸茸的”和“柔软的”这类词的原因，因为这些词帮助人们想象出类似的画面。人们可以利用自己的所有感官来记住一件事。因此选A项。 4.
【答案】 E
【解析】
横线处的后文指出，兔八哥试验表明了错误记忆的危险性。那么横线处就是询问这个试验说明了什么，即此试验的目的。因此选E项。 5.
【答案】 G
【解析】
横线处的上文中，Loftus举了警察抓罪犯的例子来说明错误信息的危险性。横线处的下文中说道，如果他们不仔细，就不能发现真相。这里的“他们”指警察，所以警察在询问受害者时要十分仔细。因此选G项。 3. Section C (10 marks)
Questions 1—5 are based on the following passage.
One of the interesting things about languages is the way they change over time. In English, everything from spelling to vocabulary has gone through major changes over the years. In fact, to a modern speaker, the English of 1,000 years ago looks like a foreign language!
The history of English dates back around 1,500 years. At that time, groups of Europeans invaded in England, bringing their language with them. It developed into Old English. Later, in 1066, England was invaded by the Normans from France. The language went through an important shift, leading to what we now call Middle English. Over the next 500 years, the language underwent further shifts, leading to Modern English. As the language has developed over time, many things about it have changed.
Pronunciation is one of the most obvious areas. For example, in Old English, people said “hus” and “mus”. Now, we say “house” and “mouse”. These days, there are many differences in the way English is pronounced in the U.S., India, and elsewhere. When people live in groups separated by great distances, the pace of change can be fast.
Spelling has also gone through interesting changes. For example, in Old English, one wrote “riht”. A “g” was added in Middle English, making the spelling “right”. Also, in the distant past, people did not always follow standards of spelling. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, scholars like Noah Webster wrote dictionaries which made the spelling more consistent. However, different standards were decided on in England and the U.S. So, some differences remain—for example, “color” vs. “colour”.
Vocabulary changes happen even more quickly. English has grown by borrowing words from languages such as French, Spanish, and Arabic, to name a few. This often happens with types of food—for example, “tofu”. Then there is slang which enters and leaves the language every year! Thirty years ago, one often heard people saying “groovy”, meaning “great”. These days, you’ll rarely hear the word except on old TV shows and movies.
Because English is spoken by so many people worldwide, it really is an exciting time for the language. Just as American and British versions are always changing, so are versions spoken in Canada, Singapore, and elsewhere. At the same time, an entirely new version of English is appearing on the Internet with whole new slang and writing style. In a way, learning English is a never-ending process, even for native speakers! Questions 1—5
Answer the following questions according to the passage.
1.Why does the English of 1,000 years ago seem a foreign language to modern speakers?
【答案】
Because in English, everything from spelling to vocabulary has gone through major changes over the years. 【解析】
(由文章第一段中的“In English, everything from spelling to vocabulary has gone through major changes over the years”可知，因为英语在过去经历了许多大的变化，所以对现在说英语的人来讲，一千年前的英语就像是一门外语。因此原文中的句子即为答案。) 2.What aspects are discussed to show the changes of English in history?
【答案】
Pronunciation, spelling and vocabulary. 【解析】
(根据文章第三、四、五段可知，文章从发音、拼写和词汇三个方面来阐述英语从古至今的变化。因此答案为Pronunciation, spelling and vocabulary。) 3.When did scholars try to make English spelling more consistent?
【答案】
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 【解析】
(根据倒数第三段可知，在很久之前，人们不总是遵守拼写的规则。然而，“In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, scholars like Noah Webster wrote dictionaries which made the spelling more consistent(在十八世纪和十九世纪，像诺亚·韦伯斯特这样的学者编撰字典，让拼写更连贯。)”，因此答案为In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries。) 4.What are some languages that English has borrowed words from?
【答案】
Languages such as French, Spanish, and Arabic. 【解析】
(根据文章倒数第二段中的“English has grown by borrowing words from languages such as French, Spanish, and Arabic, to name a few”可知，英语在演变过程中，向法语、西班牙语和阿拉伯语等语言借词。因此答案为Languages such as French, Spanish, and Arabic。) 5.Where can we see an entirely new version of English?
【答案】
On the Internet. 【解析】
(根据文章最后一段中的“?an entirely new version of English is appearing on the Internet with whole new slang and writing style”可知，在网络上可以找到完整的英语语言版本。因此答案为On the Internet。) 4. Section D (10 marks)
Questions 1—5 are based on the following passage.
Wine can be made with red grapes or white grapes, and, especially in the case of red wines, a number of doctors have reported that a moderate amount of wine has certain health benefits. This may be one of the reasons why the number of people drinking wine has risen over the past years. As new wine-shoppers browse the shelves of their local markets, they face a tough decision. Should they buy a wine with a cork or a screw top? And shoppers are not alone in their dilemma. Wineries are also facing tough choices in the best way to seal their products.
The root of the problem lies in “cork taint”. Cork taint refers to a problem with wine that has been sealed with a bad cork. Traditionally, all corks are made from a special oak tree that grows around the Mediterranean. In the process of making the corks and sealing wine bottles, a certain type of mold may start to grow on some corks. Over time, this mold can produce a chemical that makes the wine inside the bottle taste musty. In fact, the human tongue is so sensitive to this particular compound that people can taste it even diluted up to six parts per trillion!
How big is the problem of cork taint? Some experts from the wine industry claim cork taint affects one out of every ten bottles of wine. And as one spokesperson for an American winery says, “No other packaging industry in the world would put up with that kind of failure rate.”
Some wine makers see a possible solution to the problem of cork taint through adopting the tried and true method of sealing bottles with screw tops. However, many wineries are still playing it safe and sticking to corks for two reasons. First, there is the old belief among cork users that small amounts of oxygen are able to penetrate corks. This oxygen, they say, is necessary for the proper aging of fine wines, especially those aged 10 years or more. Screw tops do not allow for any oxygen to get into the bottles after they are sealed.
Another problem arises from the image screw tops have with the public. In most people’s minds, screw tops are only found on cheap, low-quality wines. It will take a lot of efforts from wineries to re-educate the public if they want to change the image of screw tops. In addition, there is the problem of losing the romantic, elegant mood produced by the ceremonial popping of the cork. Consumers don’t seem to feel the same thrill when unscrewing a top. Questions 1—5
Complete the summary with words from the passage, changing the form when necessary, with only one word for each blank.
The wine industry is facing a 1.______. What is the best way to seal wine bottles? Many people think that it is only proper for wine 2.______ to be sealed with corks. They believe that oxygen needs to be able to 3.______ the cork. Other experts, however, suggest that wineries change to screw tops. Using corks can lead to cork taint, a bad taste in the wine caused by 4.______. However, it is unlikely that the public will accept this solution. They will most likely 5.______ to buying wine with corks for the romantic and elegant mood it brings. 1.
【答案】 dilemma 【解析】
(根据原文第一段最后三句话“Should they buy a wine with a cork or a screw top? And shoppers are not alone in their dilemma. Wineries are also facing tough choices in the best way to seal their products”可知，消费者因不知是买带软木塞的酒还是带螺旋盖的酒而陷入两难，造酒厂在密封产品的选择上也很困难。因为只能填入一个词，不能填tough choice，因此填dilemma，表示“进退两难”。) 加学霸兄微信号（wxxueba）获取最新真题 2.
【答案】 bottles
【解析】
(根据题干的意思，许多人认为红酒酒瓶用软木塞密封才合适。很明显，这里应该是密封红酒酒瓶。因此填bottles。) 3.
【答案】 penetrate 【解析】
(根据原文倒数第二段中第三句“there is the old belief among cork users that small amounts of oxygen are able to penetrate corks”可知，人们认为软木塞能让少量空气进入。因此填penetrate，表示“渗透，穿透”。) 4.
【答案】 mold 【解析】
(根据原文第二段可知，使用软木塞会产生的一个重大问题是“cork taint(软木塞污染)”。从“In the process of making the corks and sealing wine bottles, a certain type of mold may start to grow on some corks”中可知，软木塞污染即一种霉菌。因此填mold。) 5.
【答案】 stick
【解析】
(根据原文最后一段可知，在大多数人心里，螺旋盖让人感觉不上档次，也不能像软木塞那样可以给人开瓶的喜悦与激动。人们还是会选择买软木塞的红酒。注意题干中横线后文跟的是to doing sth.，stick to doing sth.不改变某事物，坚持某事。因此填stick。) 五、Part V Translation（15 marks） 1. Section A (5 marks)
Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on the answer sheet.
Kite flying is one of the most popular traditional sports in China. Kite, called Feng Zheng in Chinese, originated in China and it has been praised as the forerunner of modern aircrafts. Its history can be traced back to more than 2,000 years ago. Legend has it that, the first Chinese kites were made of wood by the famous architect and carpenter Lu Ban during the Spring and Autumn Period (770-476BC); after the invention of paper, kites began to be made of this new material. People nowadays make colourful kites in the shapes of animals, birds, butterflies, fishes, etc.
【答案】
放风筝是中国最流行的传统活动之一。英文kite在汉语中称为“风筝”，起源于中国，被誉为现代飞行器的鼻祖。风筝的历史可追溯到两千多年前。相传，中国最早的风筝由木头制成，是春秋时期（公元前770－公元前476年）著名的建筑师、木匠鲁班制作的。纸张发明后，人们便开始使用这种新材料制作风筝。如今，人们制作五颜六色的风筝，有的形如鸟儿、蝴