材料科学与工程学院
论 文 题院（系）名学 生 姓 指 导 教
目 大型风电叶片复合材料应用 称 材料科学与工程学院 名 毕嘉宇（39011104） 牛艺蒙（39011105） 刘 艺（39011107） 师 张佐光 老 师
顾轶卓 老 师
李 敏 老 师 2012年 6月 10日
大型风电叶片复合材料应用
摘要
本文针对大型风电叶片夹层结构外壳及主梁，介绍了现有复合材料风电叶片的结构特点、性能要求；阐述了复合材料在风电叶片上的应用及生产现状；分析了其材料体系、制造工艺，并针对目前大型风电叶片生产过程中遇到的一些问题提出解决方案，通过对比得出了较先进且应用广泛的成型工艺；并讨论了复合材料性能测试、评价及影响因素。
关键词：风电叶片；复合材料；制造工艺；性能测试
I
Abstract
This essay focuses on sandwich structure shell for large-scale wind turbine blades and the main beam, introducing the structural characteristics and performance requirements of the existing composite wind turbine blades; describing the application and production status of the composite wind turbine blades; analyzing the material system, manufacturing process. Also we propose solutions for some of the problems encountered in the production process of the large-scale wind turbine blades, obtained the more advanced and widely used molding process by comparison; and the performance testing of composite materials and influencing factors of such materials are also discussed.
Key words：wind turbine blades; composite materials; manufacturing process; performance test
II
目录
摘要 ................................................................................................................................................... I ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................................... II 1、风电叶片结构特点及国内外应用情况 ....................................................................................... 1
1.1风电叶片夹层结构的特点与性能要求 ............................................................................... 1 1.2复合材料在风电叶片结构中的应用实例 ........................................................................... 3
1.2.1使用可回收再利用热塑性塑料的风涡轮叶片 ........................................................... 3
1.2.2 碳纳米管增强聚氨酯风电叶片的研制 ...................................................................... 3 1.3 复合材料风电叶片待解决的问题及发展趋势 ................................................................... 4
2、复合材料原材料选择 ................................................................................................................. 5
2.1风机叶片材料的发展 ........................................................................................................... 5 2.2风机叶片的结构与材料选择原则 ....................................................................................... 6 2.3增强体材料的选择 ............................................................................................................... 8
2.3.1强化材料 ....................................................................................................................... 8 2.3.2填充纤维材料 ............................................................................................................... 9 2.4基体树脂材料的选择 ........................................................................................................... 9 2.4.1树脂基体 ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.4.2基体材料填充剂 ......................................................................................................... 10
3、复合材料制造工艺设计与评估 ................................................................................................ 10
3.1手糊工艺 ............................................................................................................................. 10 3.2树脂传递模塑（RTM） ....................................................................................................... 11 3.3拉挤工艺 ............................................................................................................................. 12 3.4缠绕工艺 ............................................................................................................................. 14 3.5高压真空浸渍树脂工艺 ..................................................................................................... 15 3.6真空树脂灌注工艺（VIP） ............................................................................................... 16 3.7预浸料工艺 ......................................................................................................................... 18 3.8SPRINT技术 ......................................................................................................................... 19 3.9制造工艺综述 ..................................................................................................................... 20
3.9.1制造工艺的总结 ......................................................................................................... 20 3.9.2两种先进工艺的评估 ................................................................................................. 21 3.9.3国内外制造工艺的对比 ............................................................................................. 21
4、复合材料关键性能测试及评价 ................................................................................................ 22
4.1.2叶片的静力设计 ......................................................................................................... 23 4.1.3叶片应变分布测量 ..................................................................................................... 24 4.1.4抗损伤性能测量 ......................................................................................................... 25 4.1.5叶片挠度变形测量 ..................................................................................................... 25 4.1.6叶片的耐环境性评定 ................................................................................................. 26 4.2测试方法 ............................................................................................................................. 26
4.2.1复合材料的测试方法 ................................................................................................. 26 4.3 影响性能的主要因素 ........................................................................................................ 27 4.3.1设计因素对风电叶片影响 ......................................................................................... 27 4.3.2制造因素对风电叶片影响 ......................................................................................... 28 4.3.3检测因素对风电叶片影响 ......................................................................................... 29
参考文献 ........................................................................................................................................ 30