(TEM-4 2010)
How men first learned to invent words is unknown;(31) , the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain (32) to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, (33) they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed (34) certain signs,called letters, which could be (35) to represent those sounds, and which could be (36) .Those sounds, whether spoken, (37) written in letters, we call words.
The power of words, then, lies in their (38) ——the things they bring up before our minds.Words become (39) with meaning for us by experience; (40) the longer we live, the more certain words (41) to us the happy and sad events of our past; and the more we (42) , the more the number of words that mean something to us (43) .
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which
appeal (44) to our minds and emotions. This (45) and telling use of words is what we call (46) style.Above all, the real poet is a master of (47) .He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which (48) their position and association can (49) men to tears.We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will (50) our speech or writing silly and vulgar.
31. A. in addition B. in other words C. in a word D. in summary 32. A. sounds B. gestures C. signs D. movements 33. A. such that B. so that C. so that D. in that 34. A. in B. with C. of D. upon 35. A. spelt B. combined C. written D. copied 36. A. written down B. handed down C. remembered D. observed 37. A. and B. yet C. also D. or 38. A. functions B. associations C. roles D. links 39. A. filled B. full C. live D. active 40. A. but B. or C. yet D. and 41. A. reappear B. recall C. remember D. recollect
42. A. read and think B. read and recall C. read and learn D. read and recite 43. A. raises B. increases C. improves D. emerges 44. A. intensively B. extensively C. broadly D. powerfully 45. A. charming B. academic C. conventional D. common 46. A. written B. spoken C. literary D. dramatic 47. A. signs B. words C. style D. sound 48. A. in B. on C. over D. by 49. A. move B. engage C. make D. force 50. A. transform B. change C. make D. convert
译文：
我们不知道人类最初是怎样发明文字的；换句话说，语言的起源还是个谜。我们真正知道的是：人和动物不一样，人会发出某种特定的声音来表示相应的思想感情、行为动作和其他事情，以便人们之间可以交流。后来，人们之间有了共同认可的固定符号，我们称之为字母。字母组合起来可以代表原先的那些声音，并可以写下来。这些声音无论是口头表达还是书面表达，我们都称之为文字。
词的威力因而就在于它们所引起的联想——它们在我们的头脑里所提示的事物。词的意义是随着我们的经历而丰富起来的：我们活的时间越长，某些词语就越能唤起我们对过去的欢乐或不幸事件的回忆；我们读书越多，学得越多，我们能使用的单词量也越多。
伟大的作家都是这样一些人，他们不仅具有伟大的思想，而且能够运用打动人心、激发热情的词语来表达这些思想。词语的这种富于魅力的和有力的应用，就是我们所称的文学体裁。首先，真正的诗人乃是文字大师，
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他能将自己的意思寄寓于文辞，或者吟咏有如乐曲，并且能通过其立场和引起的联想催人泪下。因此，我们应该学会审慎选词准确地运用，否则就会使我们言辞无聊而又粗俗难听。
31.B 解析：mystery与unknown同义，后一句话只是前一句的另一种表述，选in other words“换句话说”。
（句意关系题。A项in addition“并且、而且”，表示递进关系；C项和D项in a word,in summary表示“总之”，说明概括和总结关系。）
32.A 解析：根据句意及常识，人会发出某种特定的声音来表示相应的思想感情，因此应选表示“声音”的A
项sounds。此外在35空后的句子中有to represent those sounds，也可推出此处用sounds。（词义辨析题。gestures表示“手势，姿态”；signs表示“标记，符号，记号”；movements表示“运动，移动”。） 33.C 解析：根据句意，人会发出某种特定的声音来表示相应的思想感情、行为动作和其他事情，目的是为了
交流，应选C项so that。（句意关系题。A项such that表示结果，在这个语境中不合适，这个短语的含义是“如此...以致”，例如：His behavior was such that everyone dislikes him.他的行为使人人都讨厌他；B项as that搭配不当；D项in that表示原因。） 34.D 解析：agree upon表示“一致同意”，符合句意。（词义辨析题。agree in表示“想法一致”，例如：We all
agree in liking the newcomer.我们大家都喜欢那位新来的人。agree with表示“持相同意见，与...符合”。例如：I agree with you.我的意见和你相同。Your story agrees with what I had already heard.你所说的和我所听到的相符。C项agree of搭配不当。）
35.B 解析：字母应先被“组合”成词才可代表原先的那些声音，combine表示“联合，结合，组合”，符合语
境。（词义辨析题。spelt表示“被拼写”；written表示“被书写”；copied表示“被抄写”，都没有体现出字母须经组合才能成词的特点。） 36.A 解析：written down表示“被写下来”，符合语境，且和下句话中的“written”呼应。（词义辨析题。handed
down表示“被传下来”；remembered表示“被记忆”；observed表示“被观察”，都不符合文意。） 37.D 解析：根据句意，那些声音无论是口头表达还是书面表达，我们都称之为文字。whether...or表示“无论
是...还是”，固定搭配。（其他三个词都不能和whether搭配。）
38.B 解析：根据破折号后的解释“它们在我们的头脑里所提示的事物”，可推断这是词的“联想”功能，
associations表示“联想，联系”，符合语境。（词义辨析题。functions表示“功能，职能”；roles表示“作用，角色”；links表示“（链的）一环；连接物”，这些都不能体现破折号之后的内容。） 39.A 解析：filled with表示“充满，包含”，符合语境。（词义辨析题。full与of搭配表示“充满”；live表示“活
的，现场直播的”；active表示“积极的，主动的”。）
40.D 解析：根据语境，前后两句内容是并列关系，因此选择and。（关联词辨析题。but和yet都是表示转折
关系的连词；or是表示选择关系的连词，都不符合语境。）
41.B 解析：某些词能够“唤起”我们的记忆，recall sth. to sb.表示“使某人回忆起某事”，符合语境。（词汇
搭配兼词义辨析题。reappear表示“再次出现”，过去的事情只是回忆，该词用在此处不妥；remember表示“牢记，铭记”；recollect表示“回忆，想起”，主语是人，用法为：sb. recollect sth.， sb. recollect doing sth.， sb. recollect how to do sth.。）
42.C 解析：根据句意，我们阅读和学习的内容越多，对我们有意义的词汇量也越大。read and learn表示“阅
读和学习”，符合语境。（词义辨析题。read and think表示“阅读和思考”；read and recall表示“阅读和回忆”；read and recite表示“阅读和背诵”，结合后半句（增加词汇量）来看，都不如read and learn好。） 43.B 解析：我们阅读和学习的内容越多，我们能使用的单词量也“越多”。increases表示“数量的增加”，符
合语境。（词义辨析题。raises表示“提高，增加”，是及物动词，后接宾语，例如：raise one’s voice; improves表示“改进，改善”；emerges表示“显现，浮现”。）
44.D 解析：根据句意，appeal powerfully to 表示文字“强烈吸引”读者的思想和情感，符合语境。（副词词
义辨析题。intensively表示“精深地，透彻地”；extensively表示“广阔地”；broadly表示“宽广地”，这三个词不和appeal to搭配。）
45.A 解析：填入的内容与其后的telling“有力的”并列，选项中只有charming“富有魅力的”能恰当地与之
匹配，故用A。（形容词词义辨析题。academic表示“学术的”；conventional表示“常规的，习俗的”；common表示“共同的，普通的”。尽管这三个词都可以修饰use of words，但语义上不能与telling（有
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说服力的，有力的）形成并列关系。） 46.C 解析：“文学风格”的正确表达是literary style。（词义辨析题。written表示“书面的”；spoken表示“口
头的”；dramatic表示“戏剧的”，这三个词都不符合语境，因为这里讲的是作家对文字的驾驭，应属文学风格。）
47.B 解析：根据句意，真正的诗人尤其是驾驭“文字”的大师。本文就讲述words的使用，此处抓住文章中
心词即可解题。（词义辨析题。signs表示“标记，符号，记号”；style表示“风格”；sound表示“声音”，这三个词都不符合语境。做此题尤其应考虑到和下文的呼应。） 48.D 解析：填入的内容与其后的名词形成介宾短语，by表示“凭借”，by their position and association表示
“凭借文字的位置和联想意义”，符合语境。（介词词义辨析题。In , on, over都不能同时与position和association搭配。） 49.A 解析：“让人们感动落泪”的正确表达为move sb. to tears，to是介词。（动词词义辨析题。engage表示
“从事，忙于”；make表示“制造”，后接宾语再接省略to的动词不定式；force表示“强迫”，force sb. to do sth.。）
50.C 解析：make后可以跟随宾语和宾语补足语。此处为make sth. a.的结构，该句句意为“使我们的言辞无
聊而又粗俗难听”。选C。（词汇搭配兼词义辨析题。transform/ change/ convert/ sth. into sth.表示“把某物变换为其他事物”，这三个词都不用于本句句型。）
51. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE? (2010)
A. Why don’t you do it for the sake of your friends? B. I wish I could write as well as you.
C. For all his efforts, he didn’t get an A. D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading. 52. Nancy’s gone to work but her car’s still there. She by bus. (2010)
A. must have gone B. should have gone C. ought to have gone D. could have gone 53. He feels that he is not yet to travel abroad. (2010)
A. too strong B. enough strong C. so strong D. strong enough
54. After seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager’s office. (2010) A. that B. it C. what D. there 55. Fool Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing. (2010)
A. who B. as C. like D. that 56. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? (2010)
A. They each have two tickets B. They cost twenty yuan each
C. Each they have bought the same book D. They were given two manazines each. 57. She seldom goes to the theatre, ? (2010)
A. doesn’t she B. does she C. would she D. wouldn’t she 58. Dr Johnson is head of the department, should feel fortunate. (2010)
A. or B. either C. but D. and 59. When one has good health, should feel fortunate. (2010)
A. you B. they C. he D. we 60. It is necessary that he the assignment without delay. (2010)
A. hand in B. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand in 61. In the sentence “It’s no use waiting for her”, the italicized phrase is . (2010)
A. the object B. an adverbial C. a complement D. the subject 62. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT? (2010)
A. All his lectures are very interesting B. Half their savings were gone C. Many his friends came to the party. D. Both his sisters are nurses. 63. Which of the following sentences has an object complement? (2010)
A. The directors appointed John manager. B. I gave Mary a Christmas present C. You have done Peter a favour. D. She is teaching children English.
64. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete “ We’ve seen the film ” ? (2010)
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A. before B. recently C. lately D. yet 65. should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work. (2010)
A. To be not tall B. Not being tall C. Being not tall D. Not to be tall 66. Due to personality , the two colleagues never got on well in work. (2010)
A. contradiction B. conflict C. confrontation D. competition 67. During the summer vacation, kids are often seen hanging in the streets. (2010) A. about B. on C. over D. out 68. There were 150 at the international conference this summer. (2010)
A. spectators B. viewers C. participants D. onlookers 69. School started on a cold day in February. (2010)
A. severe B. bitter C. such D. frozen
70. In the face of unexpected difficulties, he demonstrated a talent for quick, action. (2010) A. determining B. defensive C. demanding D. decisive 71. The team has been working overtime on the research project . (2010) A. lately B. just now C. late D. long ago 72. Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remained . (2010) A. motionless B. inactive C. stagnant D. immobile
73. The police had difficulty in the fans from rushing on to the stage to take photos with the singer.
(2010)
A. limiting B. restraining C. confining D. restricting 74. Joan is in the dorm, putting the final to her speech. (2010)
A. details B. remarks C. comments D. touches 75. His in gambling has eventually brought about his ruin. (2010)
A. indulgence B. habit C. action D. engagement 76. The teacher told the students to stay in the classroom and they did . (2010)
A. absolutely B. accidentally C. accordingly D. accurately
77. You can actually see the deer at close range while driving through that area.The italicized phrase means . (2010)
A. clearly B. very near C. quickly D. very hard 78. He listened hard but still couldn’t what they were talking about. (2010)
A. make over B. make up C. make upon D. make out 79. For the advertised position, the company offers a(n) salary and benefits package. (2010) A. generous B. plentiful C. abundant D. sufficient 80. As there was no road, the travelers up a rocky slope on their way back. (2010)
A. ran B. hurried C. scrambled D. crawled
51.D 译文：以下哪个斜体短语表示的是原因？
解析：考查状语和主句之间的关系。A中for the sake of your friends意为“为你朋友着想”，是主句的目
的；B中as well as意为“和你一样”，表示比较；C中for all his efforts意为“尽管他非常努力”，表示让步，所以都不是正确答案。只有D项“由于过量阅读，她的眼睛都红了。”正确。 52.A 译文：南希已去上班，但她的车还在那儿。她一定是乘了公交车去的。
解析：考查情态动词的用法。根据句意应选A，因为must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测。B和
C中should/ ought to have done都表示本应该做某事却没有做；D中could have done表示本可以做某事却没有做，显然均不符合题意。
53.D 译文：他觉得自己身体还不够好，没法去国外旅行。
解析：考查副词与形容词的搭配。句中在too strong之前已用否定形式，后面不能再跟too...to表示否定
结果，故A不对；C项中的so与as to搭配才表示结果；B和D中都用enough修饰strong，只是位置
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前后顺序不同。当enough修饰形容词时应放在其后，所以D正确。 54.C 译文：在看似无尽的等待之后总算轮到他进人事经理的办公室。
解析：考查名词性从句连接词的用法。由于名词性从句多由连词that, whether以及wh-开头的连接代词
和连接副词引导，可以首先排除B和D。由A项that引导的从句只可作介词except和in的宾语，因此也应排除。只有C项what引导的从句可作介词after的宾语，是正确答案。 55.B 译文：即便杰瑞笨，他也不可能做出这种事来。
解析：考查让步状语从句的用法。四个选项中，只有as引导让步状语从句，且必须使用倒装结构，即把
让步成分提前，再接as和其他主谓成分。因此B是正确答案。 56.C 译文：下面哪句话是错误的？
解析：考查each的用法。each作代词时一般用于复数主语或宾语后做同位语，因此A、B和D选项是
正确的。该句可改为：Each of them has...。 57.B 译文：她很少去剧院，是吗？
解析：考查反义疑问句。若陈述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, few, nothing, nowhere等否定词或半否
定词，其反义疑问句部分要用肯定式。同时句中时态是一般现在时，故选B。 58.D 译文：约翰逊博士是系主任，同时也是一位翻译方面的专家。
解析：考查连词。or表示两个分局是二者选其一的关系；either表示两者皆可；but表示转折关系；and
则是并列关系，表示两者都是。句中约翰逊既是系主任又是专家，因此选D。 59.C 译文：当一个人健康的时候，他应该感到幸运。
解析：考查指代one的代词的用法。one作不定代词代指某人，谓语动词用单数时，指代one的人称代
词相应地用第三人称单数。因此答案是C。 60.A 译文：他必须按时交作业，不得拖延。
解析：考查的是虚拟语气。在“It + be + a. + that”从句中，that引导的主语从句谓语动词常用should+
动词原形。用于该句型的形容词有necessary , good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, suprising等。
61.D 译文：在“等她是没用的”这句话中，斜体词组在句中充当什么成分？
解析：考查主语的用法。It’s no use doing sth.中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的doing sth.，因此，
waiting for her在句子中是主语。答案是D。 62.C 译文：下面哪句话是不正确的？
解析：限定词位置题。英语中限定词分为前位限定词、中位限定词和后位限定词。两个前位或两个中位限
定词不能同时出现在同一个名词前面。all、half和both都是前位限定词，many是后位限定词，而his是中位限定词。因此A、B、D都是正确的，而C与限定词排位顺序要求矛盾，是错误的。 63.A 译文：下面哪句话中带有宾语补足语？ 解析：考查宾语补足语与直接宾语和间接宾语的区别。某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语意思
才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。而复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，第二部分表示第一部分发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事物，也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的、或者是为谁做的。B、C、D选项中都是动词后带有直宾和间宾，只有A选项中的manager补充说明John的身份，因此它才是宾语补足语。
64.D 译文：下面哪个词不能用来完成“我们 看了这部电影”？ 解析：考查副词的用法。before表示“之前”，recently和lately表示“最近”，都可以用在现在完成时中。
yet表示“还，仍然”，一般用在否定的完成时态中。
65.B 译文：长的不高不应该成为生活和工作中的一大不利因素。
解析：此句缺一个主语。动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语，但动名词作主语通常是泛指一般的抽象概
念，而不定式作主语常表示具体的某一动作。“长的不高”并不是一个具体的动作，因此动名词更为合适。两者用于否定时都是把not提前。因此选B。
66.B 译文：由于个性的不同，这两个同事在工作中总是相处不好。
解析：名词辨析。contradiction表示的是一种事物之间矛盾的状态，主要是指言辞、看法或观点上的矛盾
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