[D] to use emotional words 【参考答案】：A
Most Americans find the idea of arranged marriages difficult to understand or accept. They believe that two people should marry for love, after a period of dating or courtship. During that period, the prospective marriage partners are supposed to learn enough about each other to decide whether or not they will be able to build a successful marriage. Today in America, it is common for people to live together as a way of preparing for marriage. The idea of an arranged marriage seems very old-fashioned indeed.
But aren't all marriages arranged in one way or another? In the United States marriages are seldom formally arranged, but quite a lot of informal arranging goes on before two people become husband and wife. People who get married are introduced to each other by friends. These friends have already decided that the two people are right for each other and arrange for them to meet. In the United States this kind of arrangement is very common. Because friends have such great influence, their approval of a dating partner is very important.
Families also exert open and subtle pressures on their children to influence their choices of marriage partners. Parents often arrange dates for their own children. One parent often tells a friend about her beautiful daughter or handsome son. Also, parents can meet the perfect marriage prospect for their son or daughter through business relationships. Since parents often assist their children financially, they feel that they have the right to help the bride and groom select where they will live, what type of furniture they will purchase, and what their life-style will be like.
11. Most Americans think that arranged marriages are ____. [A] understandable [B] acceptable [C] unavoidable [D] old fashioned 【参考答案】：D
12. According to this passage, the prospective marriage partners ____. [A] often write to each other
[B] often attend formal parties together
[C] often meet each other
[D] often discuss problems together 【参考答案】：C
13. Which of the flowing is TRUE according to this passage?____ [A] Marriages are usually arranged by parents in America. [B] No arranging goes on before two people get married.
[C] Only one formal arrangement takes place before two people get married. [D] There are usually a lot of informal arrangements before two people get married. 【参考答案】：D
14. Which of the following is NOT true?____
[A] Parents often try to influence their children's marriages. [B] Open arranged marriages are unusual in the U.S.
[C] Friends sometimes play some role in getting two people together who may get married later.
[D] Parents never care much about their children's marriages. 【参考答案】：D
15. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?____ [A] Social class has much influence on marriages. [B] Nationality has much influence on marriages. [C] Knowledge has much influence on marriages. [D] Age has much influence on marriages. 【参考答案】：A
Sleep is part of your daily activity cycle, but there are several different types or stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles.
If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle will go something like this: When you first drift off into sleep your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down
a bit too. This is called Stage 1 sleep.
For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through Stage 2 and Stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be.
Then, about 40-60 minutes after you lose consciousness, you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the delta rhythm. This is Stage 4 sleep.
You may think that you stay at this deep fourth stage all the rest of the night, but that turns out not to be the case. Instead, about 80 minutes after you fall into sleep your activity cycle will increase slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to move around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of Rapid Eye Movements lasts for some 8--15 minutes and is called REM sleep. During both light and deep sleep, the muscles in your body are relaxed but capable of movement. However, as you slip into REM sleep, a very odd thing occurs -- most of the voluntary muscles in your body become paralyzed. Although your brain shows very rapid bursts of neural activity during REM sleep, your body is incapable of moving. 16. The lower the stage of sleep, ____. [A] the greater the alpha waves will be
[B] the greater the activity pattern of the brain [C] the slower the brain waves will appear
[D] the closer one is to the initial Stage 1 sleep 【参考答案】：C
17. Before one reaches the deepest sleep, ____. [A] muscular inhibition occurs
[B] loss of consciousness has already occurred [C] one's body muscles become paralyzed
[D] one's eyes begin to move as if looking at something 【参考答案】：B
18. REM sleep is characterized by ____. [A] a lack of body movement [B] a drop in temperature
[C] the appearance of delta waves [D] a loss of consciousness 【参考答案】：A
19. Muscular relaxation, a temperature drop, and breath regularity are characteristics of ____. [A] Stages 2 and 3 sleep [B] REM sleep [C] delta rhythms [D] Stage 1 sleep 【参考答案】：D
20. An increase in the activity cycle indicates ____. [A] one is waking up
[B] the beginning of the Rapid Eye Movement stage [C] a relaxing of body muscles [D] an increase in the body's rhythm 【参考答案】：B
Under normal conditions the act of communication requires the presence of at least two persons: one who sends and one who receives the communication. In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, there must be a conventional system of signs or symbols which mean the same to the sender and the receiver.
The means of sending communications are too numerous and varied for systematic classification; therefore, the analysis must begin with the means of receiving communication. Reception of communication is achieved by our senses. Sight, hearing, and touch play the most important roles. Smell and taste play very limited roles, for they cannot receive intellectual expression from fully developed systems of signs and symbols. Examples of visual communication are gesture and mimicry. Although both frequently accompany speech, there are systems that rely solely on sight, such as those used by deaf and dumb persons. Another means of communicating visually is by signals of fire, smoke, flags, or flashing lights. Feelings may be simply communicated by touch, such as by handshaking or backslapping, although a highly developed system of handstroking has
enabled blind, deaf, and dumb persons to communicate intelligently. Whistling to someone, applauding in a theater, and other forms of communication by sound rely upon the ear as a receiver. The most fully developed form of auditory communication is, of course, the spoken language.
The means of communication mentioned so far have two features in common: they last only a short time, and the persons involved must be relatively close to each other. Therefore, all are restricted in time and space. 11. The author explains that he will deal with reception of communication first because ____.
[A] communication actually takes place when the message is received [B] there are more means of receiving than of sending communications [C] reception of communication involves use of the senses. [D] it is difficult to list all the possible means of sending communications 【参考答案】：D
12. Persons who cannot see, hear, or speak are able to communicate through a system of ____. [A] gesturing [B] handshaking [C] backslapping [D] handstroking 【参考答案】：D
13. The author specifically mentions that speech is ____. [A] less important than the written form of language [B] assisted by touch, gesture, etc
[C] the only highly developed system of communication
[D] the most developed form of communication based on hearing 【参考答案】：D
14. Which of the following statements about communication by touch is