景德镇瓷器
景德镇(Jingdezhen)位于江西省东北部，以瓷器而闻名，历来被誉为中国的 “千年瓷都”。在景德镇出产的各类瓷器中，尤以青花瓷(blue and white porcelain)最为突出。清代是青花瓷的鼎盛时期，景德镇青花瓷以其烧造精致而独占鳌头。新中国成立后，在景德镇设立了人民瓷厂 (People'sPorcelain Factory)专门生产青花瓷。景德镇青花瓷造型优美，色彩绚丽，装饰精美，是景德镇四大传统名瓷之一，素有“永不凋谢的青花”之称。青花瓷远销世界各地，受到世界人民的喜爱。 翻译：
Jingdezhen，located in the northeast of JiangxiProvince，is famous for porcelain and is honored as“home of porcelain for thousands of years” inChina. Among different types of porcelain producedin Jingdezhen，blue and white porcelain is the mostrenowned. Blue and white porcelain reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty.Blue and whiteporcelain from Jingdezhen ranked first for its fine production. After new China was founded,People's Porcelain Factory was set up in Jingdezhen to produce blue and white porcelainspecially. Blue and white porcelain from Jingdezhen is elegantly shaped，rich in color
anddelicatelydecorated. It is one of the four famous traditional types of porcelain in Jingdezhen,and enjoys the reputation of “ever-green blue and white porcelain”.Blue and white porcelainhas been sold to countries all over the world and is liked by people around the world. 词汇详解：
1.位于:可译为be located in,也可用lie in或be situated in等来表达。 2.被誉为:可译为be honored as，也可译为be praisedas。
3.清代是青花瓷的鼎盛时期:本句可以理解为“青花瓷在清代达到顶峰”，其中 “达到顶峰”可以用reach its peak表达。
4.专门生产:其中“专门”可译为specially。
5.色彩約丽:即“色彩丰富”，可译为rich in color，也可以用形容词colorful表达。 6.永不凋谢的:可以理解为“常青的”，即ever-green。
敬茶礼仪
当今社会，客来敬茶已经成为人们日常社交和家庭生活中普遍的往来礼仪。俗话说:酒满茶半。上茶时应以右手端茶，从客人的右方奉上，并时带微笑。当然，喝茶的客人也要以礼还礼，双手接过，点头致谢。品茶时，讲究小口品饮，其妙趣在于意会而不可言传。另外，可适当称赞主人茶好。总之，敬茶是国人礼仪中待客的一种日常礼节，也是社会交往的一项内容，不仅是对客人、朋友的尊重, 也能体现自己的修养(self-cultivation)。 翻译：
Nowadays, offering tea to guests has becomecommon etiquette in daily social interaction andfamily life. As the saying goes, white spirit, full cup;tea, half cup. Tea cup should be held on the righthand and offered to guests with a smile from theirright side. Of course,the guests should pay respect as well, taking over the cup with bothhands and nodding to express his thanks. When tasting tea,you should drink it in small sips,the beauty and fun of which is beyond words. In addition, you could praise the tea of theowner appropriately. In short, offering tea is a daily ritual of Chinese people when receivingguests and it is also part of social interaction. It can not only show respect to guests andfriends, but also reflect your self-cultivation. 词汇详解：
1.敬茶:可以理解为“献茶”，故译为offer tea。 2.俗话说:可译为as the saying goes,固定译法。
3.酒满茶半:可译为white spirit，full cup;tea，halfcup。在中国的餐桌文化里，酒要倒满，而茶要倒半杯。
4.以礼还礼:可译为pay respect as well。
5.讲究小口品饮:即drink it in small sips。其中，sip作名词，意为“小口喝”;也可以作动词，例如Mike sipped hisdrink quickly.(迈克快速地喝了 一小口饮料。) 词组take a sip表示“喝一小口，抿一口。” 6.日常礼节:可译为daily ritual。
7.对客人、朋友的尊重:可译为动词词组，即show respect to guests and friends。
丁克家庭
中国有一句俗语叫做“不孝有三，无后为大”。但现在，很多时尚的年轻夫妇选择不生育孩子的生活方式，组建了丁克家庭。很多夫妻担心无法给孩子提供优越的生活条件，选择成为丁克家庭。现在，孩子的教育费用比过去高很多。在大城市，送孩子上好一点的幼儿园要花费巨资，重点中小学的学费更高。还有一些夫妻成为丁克家庭是迫不得已。当他们做好准备生育孩子时，已经错过了最佳生育年龄。 译文：
A popular saying has it that “There are three forms of unfilial conduct, of which the worst is to have no descendants.”But now, it is quite fashionable for many young couples to choose a lifestyle without kids and organize the DINK family. Some couples who choose DINK family are fearful that they cannot provide favourable living conditions for children. Nowadays, the cost of educating a child is much higher than that of the past. In a big city, to send a child to a better kindergarten takes a large amount of money and the key primary or secondary schools are even more expensive. Some couples who have chosen DINK family are obliged to do so. When they make preparations for having a baby, it is a pity that they have missed the most fertile years. 翻译词汇：
不孝有三，无后为大。There are three forms of unfilial conduct, of which the worst is to have no descendants. 时尚的 fashionable 生活方式 lifestyle 丁克家庭 DINK family 担心 fearful 优越的 favourable
重点中小学 the key primary or secondary school 迫不得已 be obliged to do sth. 做好准备 make preparations for
中国神话故事
尽管中国古代神话(mythology)没有十分完整的情节，神话人物也没有系统的家谱(genealogy)，但它们却有着鲜明的东方文化特色，其中尤为显著的是它的尚德精神(the spirit of esteeming virtue)。这种尚德精神在与西方神话特别是希腊神话比较时，显得更加突出。在西方神话尤其是希腊神话中，对神的褒贬标准多以智慧、力量为准则，而中国古代神话对神的褒贬则多以道德为准绳。这种思维方式深植于中国的文化之中。几千年来，这种尚德精神影响着人们对历史人物的品评与现实人物的期望。 译文：
Although ancient Chinese mythology does not have relatively complete plot and mythological figures don't have systematic genealogy, they have distinct features of oriental culture, among which the spirit of esteeming virtue is particularlysignificant.When compared with Western mythology, especially Greek mythology, this spirit of esteeming virtue is even more prominent.In Western mythology, especially Greek mythology,the criteria for judging whether a god is good or not are mostly the god's wisdom and strength,while in ancient Chinese mythology, the criterion lies in morality. This way of thinking is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.For thousands of years, this spirit of esteeming virtue has affected people's comments on historical figures and expectations of real people.
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
在某些情况下礼貌原则不太适用。比如，当说话者与听话者进行互动时，交换信息对双方同等重要。他们之间的交谈将是直接的，此时礼貌原则就要退居二线。 参考翻译:
There are some situations where politeness can take a back seat. For example, when the speaker and the hearer are engaged in a collaborative activity and the exchange of.information is equally important to both of them, politeness would be given less consideration and the language they use tends to be direct and straightforward.
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
这本文集里的文章风格完全一致。在对语言的理解， 采用近来的哲学和语言学的方法了解个中含义这方面，这些文章向我们展示了某些“前沿”话题。“前沿”在这里有两层意思。其一：所讨论的话题都是现今思想与学术上比较前瞻性的东西。其二：对这些问题我们不太清楚或理解不够。我们所要做的就是尽可能地针对这些“前沿”话题提出尖锐成效的问题。 因而，在这本书里有些文章探讨的是在文学作品中的各种明暗关系，有些则是关于人们从未涉足的历史话题， 或是语言流和内部语言的结构。“前沿”话题的目的还在于：让人们注意到这些文章的评论和例子仅限于多种学科领域交叉的区域。文章中包括一些既有哲学性又有文学性的观点。最初关于文本现状的评论涉及政治和社会学。好几篇类似的文章都试图去阐释在语言学，诗歌和心理分析中的解读技巧三方面有所重叠而且颇为复杂的部分。 参考翻译:
The essays in this collection are composed entirely in this vein. Within the general field of the understanding of language, of the more recent philosophic and linguistic ways of approaching the meaning of meaning, they try to set out certain “frontier” topics. The word “frontier” has two relevant senses. The topics discussed are at the forward edge of current thought and scholarship. They are not yet clearly or fully understood. And what needs to be done is to formulate questions about them in as sharp and fruitful a way as possible. Thus, there are papers in this book on the relations, reflected or obscured in literature, and on the virtually unexplored subject of the history and formal structure of inward speech, of the language-stream we direct towards ourselves. “Frontier” also aims to suggest that these essays locate their analyses and examples at those points where different disciplines and areas of study meet The essay on difficulty deals with considerations which are simultaneously philosophical and literary. The initial comment on the current status of texts touches on political and sociological motifs In several of these papers，there are attempts to clarify somewhat the intricate overlaps between linguistics，poetics and techniques of decipherment developed in psychoanalysis.
请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
从某种意义上说，汉语是一种很古老的语言，其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的书写形式，例如篆书、隶书、楷书和行书。中国书法家往往使汉字的字形夸张以取得艺术效果，例如旅游胜地的一些石刻碑文。中国书法是一门研