（2011·山东高考）
Arthur Miller （1915—2005） is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century. Miller‘s father had moved to the USA from Austria？？Hungary， drawn like so many others by the “Great American Dream”。 However， he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s.
Miller’s most famous play， Death of a Salesman， is a powerful attack on the American system， with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as indicators of worth. In Willy Loman， the hero of the play， we see a man who has got into trouble with this system. Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sentiment： if he can‘t do the work， then he is no good to his employer， the Wagner Company， and he must go. Willy is painfully aware of this， and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end. When it was first staged in 1949， the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews， and it won the Tony Award for Best Play， the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award， and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.
Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury， Connecticut， on the evening of February 10， 2005， the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death of a Salesman on Broadway. 1．Why did Arthur Miller‘s father move to the USA？ A. He suffered from severe hunger in his home country. B. He was attracted by the “Great American Dream.” C. He hoped to make his son a dramatist. D. His family business failed
2．The play Death of a Salesman________.
A. exposes the cruelty of the American business world B. discusses the ways to get promoted in a company C. talks about the business career of Arthur Miller D. focuses on the skills in doing business
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3．What can we learn about Willy Loman？ A. He treats his employer badly. B. He runs the Wagner Company.
C. He is a victim of the American system. D. He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues.
4．After it was first staged， Death of a Salesman________. A. achieved huge success B. won the first Tony Award C. was warmly welcomed by salesmen D. was severely attacked by dramatists 5．What is the text mainly about？ A. Arthur Miller and his family. B. The awards Arthur Miller won.
C. The hardship Arthur Miller experienced. D. Arthur Miller and his best？？known play. 答案与解析
1．B 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Miller’s father had moved to the USA from Austria？？Hungary，drawn like so many others by the ‘Great American Dream’”可知，他父亲移居美国像其他许多人一样是受当年伟大的美国梦吸引。 2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，这部戏剧对美国制度是一个抨击，它表现了咄咄逼人的做生意的方式以及坚信金钱和社会地位才是财富的象征。主人公Willy陷入困境，然而生意场上残酷无情：如果他做不了，那么对老板而言，他就一无是处，他必须离开。故此部戏剧揭露了美国职场的残酷。
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3．C 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“Willy is painfully aware of this， and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success. He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end.”可知主人公面对失败无所适从，无法面对现实，从而走向毁灭，成了美国资本主义制度下美国梦的牺牲者。故选C项。
4.A 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，这部戏剧自1949第一次搬上银幕就获得了“托尼戏剧音乐奖”、“纽约戏剧评论奖”、“普利策戏剧奖”三项大奖，获得极大的成功。因此A项正确。
5．D 主旨大意题。纵观全文不难看出本文主要介绍Arthur Miller 以及他的戏剧Death of a Salesman《推销员之死》。其他选项都不全面，只是文中叙述的一部分。故D项正确。
（六）阅读真题之广告说明类 （2011·课标全国）
Wanted， Someone for a Kiss
We‘re looking for producers to join us on the sound of London Kiss 100 FM. You’ll work on the station‘s music programmes. Music production experience in radio is necessary， along with rich knowledge of modern dance music. Please apply in writing to Producer Vacancies， Kiss 100. Father Christmas
We’re looking for a very special person， preferably over 40， to fill our Father Christmas suit.
Working days： Every Saturday from November 24 to December 15 and every day from December 17 to December 24 except Sundays， 10∶30－16∶00. Excellent pay.
Please contact （联系） the Enterprise Shopping Centre， Station Parade， Eastbourne. Accountants Assistant
When you join the team in our Revenue Administration Unit， you will be providing assistance within all parts of the Revenue Division， dealing with post and other general duties. If you are educated to GCSE grade C level we would like to talk to you. This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.
Wealden District Council
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Software Trainer
If you are aged 24？？45 and have experience in teaching and training， you could be the person we are looking for. You should be good at the computer and have some experience in programme writing. You will be allowed to make your own decisions， and to design courses as well as present them. Pay upwards of ￡15，000 for the right person. Please apply by sending your CV （简历） to Mrs R. Oglivie， Palmlace Limited. 1．Who should you get in touch with if you hope to work in a radio station？ A．Producer Vacancies， Kiss 100. B．Mrs Oglivie， Palmlace Limited. C．The Enterprise Shopping Centre. D．Wealden District Council.
2．We learn from the ads that the Enterprise Shopping Centre needs a person who________. A．is aged between 24 and 40 B．may do some training work C．should deal with general duties D．can work for about a month
3．Which position is open to recent school graduates？ A．Producer， London Kiss. B．Father Christmas. C．Accountants Assistant. D．Software Trainer.
4．What kind of person would probably apply to Palmlace Limited？ A．One with GCSE grade C level.
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B．One with some office experience. C．One having good computer knowledge. D．One trained in producing music programmes. 答案与解析
1.A 细节理解题。第一则广告招聘的是电台音乐制作人，如果你希望在电台工作，当然应与Producer Vacancies，Kiss 100联系。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二则广告可知，the Enterprise Shopping Centre招聘的是圣诞老人，工作的时间是从 11月24日开始，持续到12月24日，在这大约一个月的时间内，他都要在周六或者除了周日以外的其他时间工作。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三则广告最后“This position is equally suitable for a school leaver”可知答案为C项。 4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一则广告第二句中的“You should be good at the computer”可知答案为C项。
（七）阅读真题之说理议论类
）（2011·湖北高考）
Feeling blue about the world？ “Cheer up.” says science writer Matt Ridley. “The world has never been a better place to live in， and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”
Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational， because he‘s carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic， because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what he’s set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book， The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as a grand enterprise that， on the whole， has done little but progress for 100，000 years. He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research. Here‘s how he explains his views. 1 ） Shopping fuels invention
It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty， our own generation has access to more nutritious food， more convenient transport， bigger houses， better cars， and， of course， more pounds and dollars than any who lived
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