青岛理工大学毕业设计（论文）
摘 要
随着我国国民经济的快速增长，用电已成为制约我国经济发展的重要因素。为保证正常供配电要求，各地都在兴建一系列的供配电装置。本文针对 220kV 降压变电所的特点，阐 述了 220kV 降压变电所的设计思路、设计步骤，并进行了相关的计算和校验。文中介绍的 220kV 降压变电所的设计方法、思路及新技术的应用可以作为相关设计的理论指导。 关键词：降压变电所，设计方法，供配电
I
青岛理工大学毕业设计（论文）
Abstract
With the fast growth of the national economy, the use of the electricity has been an important limiting factor for the development and supervision of our country. A series of electricity devices are being built. The text tells the characteristics of the 220 kV step-down substations, gives the method and steps of the design for the 220 kV step-down substations and carries on the related calculation, which may be the reference of the other related designs.
KEY WORDS: step-down distribution of the electricity
substations, II
design method, supply and 青岛理工大学毕业设计（论文）
目录
摘 要 ................................................................................................................................................ I Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ II 前言 .................................................................................................................................................. 1 第1章 工程概况 ............................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 设计题目 ............................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 变电所原始资料 ................................................................................................................ 2 1.3 系统情况分析 .................................................................................................................... 2
1.3.1对系统、待设计变电所、负荷的分析 .................................................................. 2 1.3.2变电所性质 .............................................................................................................. 3 1.3.3负荷性质 .................................................................................................................. 3 1.4 环境分析 ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.5 发电机、电厂升压变压器的参数 .................................................................................... 4 第2章 主变压器的选择 ................................................................................................................. 5
2.1 主变压器台数的确定 ........................................................................................................ 5 2.2 主变压器容量的选择 ........................................................................................................ 5 2.3 主变压器型式的选择 ........................................................................................................ 5
2.3.1相数的确定 .............................................................................................................. 5 2.3.2绕组数的确定 .......................................................................................................... 6
第3章 电气主接线的选择 ............................................................................................................. 7
3.1 考虑原则 ............................................................................................................................ 7 3.2 各电压等级的接线 ............................................................................................................ 7
3.2.1本所特点 .................................................................................................................. 7 3.2.2 220kV 电压等级接线 .......................................................................................... 7 3.3 60kV 电压等级接线 ....................................................................................................... 8
3.3.1接线选择 .................................................................................................................. 8 3.3.2评价分析 .................................................................................................................. 9 3.4 10kV 电压等级接线 ........................................................................................................ 10
3.4.1接线选择 ................................................................................................................ 10 3.4.2评价分析 ................................................................................................................ 10 3.4.3 变电所主接线的确定 ........................................................................................... 10
第4章 短路电流计算 ................................................................................................................... 12
4.1 系统阻抗标幺值计算 ...................................................................................................... 12
4.1.1基准值 .................................................................................................................... 12 4.1.2各电源阻抗 ............................................................................................................ 12 4.1.3各变压器阻抗 ........................................................................................................ 12 4.1.4 线路阻抗 ............................................................................................................. 13 4.2 转移阻抗 .......................................................................................................................... 13
4.2.1 220KV 侧 ........................................................................................................... 13 4.2.2 60KV 侧 ............................................................................................................. 15 4.2.3 10KV 侧 ............................................................................................................. 17 4.3 计算阻抗 .......................................................................................................................... 18
4.3.1 220KV 侧母线短路 ........................................................................................... 18
III
青岛理工大学毕业设计（论文）
4.3.2 60KV 侧母线短路 ............................................................................................. 18 4.3.3 10KV 侧母线短路 ............................................................................................. 19 4.4 短路电流 .......................................................................................................................... 19
4.4.1电流标幺值 ............................................................................................................ 19 4.4.2有名值（KA） ...................................................................................................... 19
第5章 电气设备的选择 ............................................................................................................... 20
5.1 高压断路器的选择 .......................................................................................................... 20
5.1.1种类和型式的选择 ................................................................................................ 20 5.1.2额定电压选择 ........................................................................................................ 20 5.1.3额定电流选择 ........................................................................................................ 20 5.1.4额定短路开断电流选择 ........................................................................................ 20 5.1.5额定关合电流的选择 ............................................................................................ 20 5.1.6热稳定校验 ............................................................................................................ 21 5.1.7动稳定校验 ............................................................................................................ 21 5.2 隔离开关的选择 .............................................................................................................. 21 5.3 电压互感器的选择 .......................................................................................................... 22 5.4 电流互感器的选择 .......................................................................................................... 23 5.5 高压熔断器的选择 .......................................................................................................... 23
5.5.1型式选择 ................................................................................................................ 23 5.5.2额定电压的选择 .................................................................................................... 23 5.5.3额定电流的选择 .................................................................................................... 23 5.6 限流电抗器的选择 .......................................................................................................... 24 5.7 消弧线圈的选择 .............................................................................................................. 24 5.8 防雷规划 .......................................................................................................................... 24 5.9 支柱绝缘子、穿墙套管的选择 ...................................................................................... 25 5.10 所用电的接线方式、所用变的选择 ............................................................................ 25 5.11 继电保护配置 ................................................................................................................ 25 第6章 配电装置的选择 ............................................................................................................... 27
6.1 配电装置的基本要求 ...................................................................................................... 27 6.2 具体配置 .......................................................................................................................... 27 参考文献......................................................................................................................................... 28
IV
青岛理工大学毕业设计（论文）
前 言
近十年来，随着我国国民经济的快速增长，各地都在兴建一系列的用配电装置。变电所的 规划、设计与运行的根本任务，是在国家发展计划的统筹规划下，合理的开发和利用动力资源， 用最少的支出（含投资和运行成本）为国民经济各部门与人民生活提供充足、可靠和质量合格 的电能。这里所指的“充足”，从国民经济的总体来说，是要求变电所的供电能力必须能够满足 国民经济发展和与其相适应的人民物质和文化生活增长的需要，并留有适当的备用。
变电所由发、送、变、配等不同环节以及相应的通信、安全自动、继电保护和调度自动化 等系统组成，它的形成和发展，又经历了规划、设计、建设和生产运行等不同阶段。各个环节 和各个阶段都有各自不同的特点和要求，按照专业划分和任务分工，在有关的专业系统和各个 有关阶段，都要制订相应的专业技术规程和一些技术规定。但现代变电所是一个十分庞大而又 高度自动化的系统，在各个专业系统之间和各个环节之间，既相互制约又能在一定条件下相互 支持和互为补充。
为了适应我国国民经济的快速增长，需要密切结合我国的实际条件，从电力系统的全局着 眼，瞻前顾后，需要设计出一系列的符合我国各个地区的用以供电的变电所，用以协调各专业 系统和各阶段有关的各项工作，以求取得最佳技术经济的综合效益。
1