摘 要
摘 要
本设计为长春市铭宇大厦高层建筑采暖、消防设计。该建筑为办公楼，包括地下一层及地上十五层。建筑总高度66m，地下室层高6.3米，有仓库、换热站、配电所等，一层大堂，层高5.1米，是办公楼大堂以及消防控制室等。二层至十五层，层高3.9米，是办公区。该建筑总热负荷为405.81Kw，总建筑面积为1.5867万平方米，总的热指标为25.6W/㎡。
对该建筑物的采暖进行分区采暖，并且由建筑物内功能的不同，采取不同的系统。该建筑采暖系统共分为三个区：地下室为一个区，采用散热器供暖，水平串联布置, 负荷为41.938Kw,热指标为43.1W/㎡；一层至六层为低区，采用下供下回式，负荷为155.782Kw,热指标为21.8W/㎡。七层至十五层为高区，亦采用下供下回式，负荷为208.09Kw,热指标为19.6W/㎡。地上各层均采用低温热水地板辐射供暖，需采暖的卫生间则单独采用散热器供暖。地暖管采用Φ20㎜的交联聚乙烯管（PEX），该管具有最好的长期耐高温、高压性能。
本办公楼采暖热源由换热站供给，该建筑换热站位于地下室，采暖热媒为水，地下室与低区共用一套换热设备，换热站的总流量为17004Kg/h；高区单独使用一套换热设备，换热站的总流量为17896Kg/h。每个区都用两台换热器，两台循环水泵和两台补给水泵，均为一用一备。一次网供回水温度为120℃/80℃，二次网供回水温度为55℃/45℃。换热站内均采用无缝钢管连接。
本工程消防设计包括消火栓系统和自动喷洒系统两部分的设计。消防水池、泵房、水泵接合器、湿式报警阀均设在地下一层，屋顶水箱间设置两个18m3水箱供消火栓和喷淋系统单独使用。建筑高度不超过100米，消火栓系统不用分区。建筑高度超过50m，自动喷洒系统需要分区，且超过800个喷头需设湿式报警阀。本设计设置3个湿式报警阀。
根据计算结果，对性能和经济进行比较和分析，对设备的选择、材料的选用，确保了设备在容量、减震、消声等方面满足人们的要求,并使系统达到了经济、节能的目的，按照国家相关政策做到了环境保护。
关键词 办公楼；采暖；换热站；消防；喷淋。
I
吉林建筑大学本科毕业设计
Abstract
The design for the Changchun City Mingyu building high-rise building heating, fire protection design. The building for office buildings, including the basement and fifteen floors on the ground. The total building height is 66m, the basement storey 6.3 metres, warehouse, heat Exchange station,distribution and so on.a hall, 5.1 meters tall, is the office building lobby and the fire control room etc. The two layer to the fifteen layer,the layer is 3.9 meters tall, all for the office area .The total heat load is 405.81Kw,a total construction area of 15867 square meters,the total heat index for 25.6W/㎡.
Partition for heating the heating of buildings, and the buildings of different functions,different system.The building heating system is divided into three zones: the basement into a zone, the radiator heating,the level of the series arrangement,load is 41.938KW,the heat indexis 43.1 W/㎡; one layer to six layer for low area, used for vertical type, load is 155.782KW, the heat index is 21.8W/㎡.The seven layer to the fifteen layer for high, are also used for vertical type, load is 208.09Kw, the heat index is 19.6W/ square meters. Oneach layer are made of low temperature hot water floor heating, need heating toilet alone with radiator heating. Floor heating radiant pipe with cross-linked polyethylenepipe diameter of 20 mm (PEX), the tube has the best long-term high temperature resistance, high pressureresistance.
The office building heating heat supply by a heat exchanger station, the building heat exchange station in the basement, the heating of the heat medium water. the basement share a hot swap device with low area, the total capacity of heat transfer station of 17004 kg/h; High area using a swap hot equipment, alone, the total capacity of heat transfer station of 17896 kg/h. each with two sets of heat exchangers, two circulating pumps and two sets of feed water pump are the one with a case. A network for the return water temperature of 120 ℃ / 120 ℃, the secondary network for the return water temperature 45 ℃ to 55 ℃. So the heat exchange station adopts the seamless steel pipe connection.
Fire control design of this project include the design of fire hydrant system and automatic spraying system two parts. Fire pool, pump, pump adapter, wet alarm valve is located in underground, the roof water tank between two 18 m after water tank for the fire hydrant and sprinkler system used alone. Building height less than 100 meters, fire hydrant system without partitions. Building height more than 50 m, automatic spraying system need to partition, and more than 800 nozzle of the need for wet alarm valve. This design set three wet alarm valve.
According to the calculation results, the performance and economic analysis and comparison, the choice of equipment, materials, ensure the equipment meet the requirements of the people in the capacity, shock absorption, noise elimination,and enable the system to achieve the economic, energy saving, in accordance with the relevant national policies do environmental protection.
Keywords ：office building; heating; heat transfer station; The fire; Spray;
II
目 录
目 录
摘 要 ································································································I Abstract ····························································································· II 目 录 ····························································································· III 第一章 设计条件 ················································································ 5
1.1设计题目 ·················································································· 5 1.2设计原始资料 ············································································ 5 1.2.1 建筑物所在地区：长春市 ······················································ 5 1.2.2 工程概况 ··········································································· 5 1.2.3 围护结构的选择 ·································································· 5 1.2.4 气象资料 ··········································································· 5 1.2.5 设计参数（动力资料） ························································· 5 第二章 采暖方案的选择 ········································································· 7 第三章 供暖热负荷的计算 ····································································· 8
3.1 通过围护结构的传热耗热量计算 ··················································· 8 3.2 围护结构的附加（修正）耗热量计算 ············································· 8 3.2.1朝向修正耗热量 ··································································· 8 3.2.2风力附加耗热量 ··································································· 8 3.2.3房高附加耗热量 ··································································· 8 3.3 冷风渗透耗热量计算 ·································································· 9 3.4 冷风侵入耗热量计算 ································································ 10 3.5 地下室热负荷地带计算法 ·························································· 10 第四章 散热器的计算 ········································································· 12
4.1 散热器的选择 ········································································· 12 4.2 散热器的布置 ········································································· 12 4.3 散热器面积的计算 ··································································· 12 4.4 散热器内热媒的平均温度 ·························································· 13 4.5散热器传热系数K及其修正系数 ················································· 13 4.6 散热器片数或长度的确定 ·························································· 13 第五章 加热管以及分集水器的设计 ······················································· 15 第六章 采暖水力计算 ········································································· 16
6.1 供暖系统水力计算的基本公式 ···················································· 16 6.2 水力计算步骤 ········································································· 16 6.3 地下室水力计算 ······································································ 17 6.4 低区水力计算 ········································································· 18 6.5 高区水力计算 ········································································· 22 第七章 换热站设计 ············································································ 27
7.1 换热站位置选择的原则和依据 ···················································· 27 7.2 换热站管道的水力计算 ····························································· 27 7.2.1 一次管网段水力计算 ·························································· 27 7.2.2 二次管网段水力计算: ························································· 29 7.2.3 补给水泵管段水力计算 ······················································· 31
III
吉林建筑大学本科毕业设计
7.2.4 软化水处理设备管段处 ······················································· 32 7.3 换热站主要设备的选择 ····························································· 32 7.3.1 换热器的选择 ··································································· 32 7.3.2 循环水泵的选择 ································································ 33 7.3.3 补给水泵的选择 ································································ 35 7.3.4 其它设备的选择 ································································ 35 第八章 消防设计 ··············································································· 37
8.1 消防给水系统选择 ··································································· 37 8.2 消防管道布置及设备安装 ·························································· 37 8.3 消火栓给水系统的设计 ····························································· 37 第九章 自动喷淋系统设计 ·································································· 46 第十章 管材及阀门的选择 ·································································· 51 参考文献 ·························································································· 52 致谢 ································································································ 53 附表一 采暖设计热负荷计算表 ···························································· 54 附图一 热负荷计算房间编号 ······························································· 58
IV
第一章 设计条件
第一章 设计条件
1.1设计题目
长春市铭宇大厦采暖、消防设计
1.2设计原始资料
1.2.1 建筑物所在地区：长春市 1.2.2 工程概况
1）铭宇大厦为办公楼，该建筑物的功能有地下室、办公室，总建筑面积为1.5867万平方米。
2）大厦共有15层，总高66m。
3）地下室层高为6.3m，一层层高5.1m，二层至十五层层高均为3.9m。
1.2.3 围护结构的选择
1）外墙K?0.81W/(m2?℃) 2）屋顶K?0.6W/(m2?℃) 3）门K?2W/(m2?℃) 4）窗K?1.99W/(m2?℃)
1.2.4 气象资料
根据《民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范》（GB50736—2012）查得长春地区有关气象参数：
冬季供暖室外计算温度为-20.9℃。
冬季室外平均风速为v?3.7m/s。
冬季室外最多风向的平均风速v0?4.7m/s。 最大冻土深度：-1.69m。 长春属于严寒地区。
1.2.5 设计参数（动力资料）
1、一次管网供回水温度：120℃/80℃ 2、二次网供回水温度：55℃/45℃。 3、室外给水管网供水压力为0.3Mpa。
4、根据《2009全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施 暖通·动力》（以下内容均简
‘称为《技术措施》）1.2.1中规定，建筑使用功能不同，室内设计温度tn，本设计
5