But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus. 21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for . [A]gaining excessive profits [B]failing to fulfill her duty
[C]refusing to make compromises [D]leaving the board in tough times
22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to
be .
[A]generous investors [B]unbiased executives [C]share price forecasters [D]independent advisers
23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s
surprise departure, the firm is likely to . [A]become more stable
[B]report increased earnings
[C]do less well in the stock market [D]perform worse in lawsuits
24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors . [A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm [B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm [C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm [D]will decline incentives from the firm
25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is . [A]permissive [B]positive [C]scornful [D]critical
TEXT 1 参考答案
21．A。细节题：原文第1段，倒数第3行的how could…?直接提到了bonus payouts
就是说 profits。
22．C。细节题：原文中出现outside directors有几处，helpful but less biased
advisor，但是B选项用的是executive, 拼凑答案，D 选项也是一样。最后一句 weathered their own crises对应forecasters。
23．C。细节题：原文是若干个并列，stock is likely to perform worse对应答案，
迷惑选项是B，但是主语不一致20%是probability不是earnings。
24．A。推理题：原文对应firms who want to …..说想留住outside director就是
增加incentive。
25．B。态度题：文章各个段落都说outside director的方面。因此是positive。
Text 2
Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.
In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.
It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.
Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.
The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.
26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the
author indicates that newspaper . [A]neglected the sign of crisis [B]failed to get state subsidies
[C]were not charitable corporations [D]were in a desperate situation
27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably
because .
[A]readers threatened to pay less
[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs
[C]journalists reported little about these areas
[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products
28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much
more stable because they . [A]have more sources of revenue [B]have more balanced newsrooms [C]are less dependent on advertising [D]are less affected by readership
29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper
business?
[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers. [B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.
[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business. [D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews. 30. The most appropriate title for this text would be . [A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival [B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind [C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business [D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story
TEXT 2 参考答案
26．D。定义题：根据上下文猜句子的含义，后句American……..save newspaper
中出现了save说明前面的观点一定是不好的才save，因此选D。
27．B．推理题：定位处前一句是 readers are paying more for slimmer newspaper.
因此说明人们多付钱，报纸很薄，节约成本，定位处有even 表示并列，说明前后的原因一致都是成本问题。
28．C。推理题：日本美国原文用了对比的方法说广告占得比例不一样，因此问
题是广告收入来源。
29. D。推理题：A选项中有essential, 文章中是说distinctiveness重要而非必要，
有问题，D选项是文章中cars and film reviewers have gone.说明由于报纸没有吸引力而失去读者。
30．A。主旨题：文章分析美国报纸出现的问题，说明要挽救。
Text 3
We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.
But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.
Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II
and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.
Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.
The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.
The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.
The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life – few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared. 31.
The postwar American Americans’ . [A]prosperity and growth [B]efficiency and practicality [C]restraint and confidence [D]pride and faithfulness
housing
style
largely
reflected
the
32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus? [A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.
[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II. [C]Most American architects used to be associated with it. [D]It had a great influence upon American architecture. 33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design . [A]was related to large space
[B]was identified with emptiness
[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration [D]was not associated with efficiency
34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore
Drive?
[A]They ignored details and proportions.
[B]They were built with materials popular at that time. [C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings. [D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.
35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House”? [A]Mechanical devices were widely used.
[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration [C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect. [D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.
TEXT 3 参考答案
31．C。细节题：原文restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence对应。 32．D。推理题： 定位是Bauhaus，对应选项与原文，只有D对。 33．C。细节题：原文elegance did not derive from abundance 。
34．D。细节题：原文But后有 the architectural equivalent of the abstract art 。 35．B。推理题：原文Aesthetic effect came form the landscape, new materials and
forthright detailing。
Text 4
Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.
As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.
Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.
Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.