Text A
College Students &Diet
Language and Cultural Points in the Text
Para. 1 on one’s own
without anyone?s help; alone, without anyone else
e.g. We cannot solve this problem on our own. 我们无法解决这一问题。 I may get lost on my own.
我单独一个人可能会迷路。 end up
to come to be in a particular situation or state, especially when you didn?t plan it
e.g. At first they hated each other, but they ended up getting married.
他们起初相互仇恨，到后来却成了夫妻。 Wasteful people usually end up in debt. 挥霍浪费者最后往往负债。 Para. 2 underestimate
v. to think or guess that the amount, cost or size of something is smaller than it really is。
e.g. We underestimated the time it would take to get there.
我们低估了抵达那里所需的时间。
People often underestimate the importance of training. 人们常常低估培训的重要性。 serving
n. an amount of food for one person
e.g. This recipe will be enough for four servings. 本食谱为四人量。 Serving size As determined by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in USA, serving size is the portion of food used as a reference on the Nutrition Facts on food package labels to indicate the amount customarily consumed or the recommended amount to be eaten, e.g. serving size 1 cup (228g).
A common error is underestimating serving sizes…
Note: It is possible for young people to underestimate the serving
sizes because of their good appetite. But according to a New York Times article, “One Bowl=2 Servings. F.D.A. May Fix That.” by William Neuman
(http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/06/business/06portion.html?_r =1), food producers would never like to scare off their consumers with the real calorie counts, so they often put smaller serving sizes on the food packages, which may contribute to the underestimating. junk food
food that is quick and easy to prepare and eat, but that is thought to be bad for your health when regularly eaten
Note: This is an informal term coined by Michael Jacobson, director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, in 1972. Junk food includes foods such as soft drinks, hamburgers, hot dogs, ice cream, cake, French fries, chocolate and other confectionery, pizza, cookies, fried chicken, onion rings and donuts. alcoholic drinks
drinks such as beer or wine that contain a substance that can make you drunk
e.g. The airlines have turned to alcoholic drinks to keep its planes full of passengers.
航空公司向乘客提供含酒精的饮料以使航班满座。 Alcoholic drinks is not allowed into certain countries. 有些国家禁止带入含酒精的饮料。 empty calories
foods that are very high in energy but low in nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, fiber and essential fatty acids
contribute to
to increase, improve or add to something; to be one of the causes of something
e.g. This book contributes little to our understanding of the subject. 此书对我们了解这门学科无所助益。
Air pollution contributes to respiratory diseases. 空气污染会引起呼吸道疾病。 cram
v. to eat food quickly and make food or drink go down your throat and towards your stomach; to push or force somebody or something into a small space
e.g. I managed to cram down a few mouthfuls of food. 我好歹狼吞虎咽地吃了几口东西。
Jack crammed his clothes into the bag.
杰克把他的衣服塞进袋子里。 put on
to become fatter and heavier, especially by the amount mentioned
e.g. Rosie’s put on five kilos since she quit smoking.
罗琦戒烟以来体重已增加了5公斤。
He has put on weight during the last two months. 他上两个月里体重增加了。
Para. 3 go on a diet
to cut on the food one eats in order to lose weight
e.g. Mary went on a diet last week as suggested by her doctor.
玛丽上周遵医嘱开始节食。
No sugar for me, please. I am going on a diet. 请别给我加糖, 我现在正按照规定节食。 maintain
v. to make something continue at the same level, standard, etc.; to strongly express your belief that something is true
e.g. The two countries have always maintained close relations.
这两个国家一直保持着密切的关系。
Some experts maintain that these reforms will lead to a decline in educational standards.
一些专家坚称这些改革会导致教育水平下降。 intake
n. the amount of food, drink, etc. that you take into your body e.g. Lower your intake of fat and alcohol to improve your health.
为了增进健康，减少脂肪和酒精的摄入量。
Control of our food intake is the basis behind successful weight loss. 控制食物摄入量是成功减肥的基础。 fall into
to gradually get into a particular condition, especially to get into a bad condition
e.g. He soon fell into the habit of having a drink on the way home from work. 他很快沾染上了在下班回家路上去喝酒的习惯。 Being alone in the city, Shelley fell into despair. 孤身在城市里，雪莉陷于绝望。 cycle
n. a number of events happening in a regularly repeated order
e.g. A year constitutes a cycle of the seasons. 一年由四季的周期循环组成。
A cycle of the sun takes a year. 太阳循环周期需要一年。
Note: vicious cycle/circle: one trouble leads to another that worsens the first, its antonym is virtuous cycle/circle. Para. 4 financial aid
money that is given or lent to students at a university or college who cannot pay the full cost of their education
e.g. They offer financial aid unconditionally.
他们无条件提供财务援助。
Financial aid is available to international students. 外国留学生可获得校方资助。 energy-dense foods
Here they refer to processed foods with sugar and fat added to improve the taste. They have more calories for the volume of food and generally fewer nutrients. Para. 5 grab
v. to take or hold somebody or something suddenly; to have or take something quickly, especially because you are in a hurry e.g. Jim grabbed a cake from the plate. 吉姆从盘子里抓了一块蛋糕。 Let’s grab a sandwich before we go. 咱们赶快吃个三明治就走吧。
I manage to grab a couple of hours’ sleep on the plane. 我在飞机上抓紧时间睡了两三个钟头。 ramen noodles
Note: It is a Japanese noodle dish. It consists of Chinese style wheat noodles served in a meat- or fish-based broth, often flavored with soy sauce or miso, and uses toppings such as sliced pork, dried seaweed, kamaboko, green onions, and occasionally corn. Almost every locality in Japan has its own variation of ramen. cut back on
to reduce the size, amount or number of something
e.g. Many companies are cutting back on staff at the moment.
目前许多公司在裁员。
We have got to cut back on our expenses. 我们不得不销减我们的花销了。
Part B
Text B The College Canteen
Part C Phonetics and Writing
Phonetics : Central Vowels & Back Vowels
中元音（central vowel）发音时舌高点出现在舌中部，包括[?], [?:]和 [?] 。发音时舌高点出现在舌前部的元音称之为后元音（back vowels），包括[a:],
[?], [?:], [u]和[u:] 。 Writing:
1.Writing for General Purposes: Effective Sentences Writing Strategy
Writing Strategy
To be effective, a sentence must at least possess these qualities: correctness (准确), unity (完整) and conciseness (简洁).
Correctness: a sentence should have a subject (主语) and a predicative verb (谓语动词) and it should begin with a capital letter and ends with a full stop.
Example 1
Incorrect: The result being that he can stay. Correct: The result is that he can stay.
2.
Writing for Specific Purposes: Menu