四级英语写作
一、写作要求：
1．时间为30分钟。
2．文章长度为150词左右 3．题型： a. 命题作文
b. 情景作文 c. 图表作文 d. 段首句作文
e. 应用文（如书信等） 4．内容： 一般社会、文化或日常生活方面的常识和看法。 二、评分
评分标准
本题满分为15分，阅卷标准共分5等：2分，5分，8分，11分，14分。
阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如8分）相似，即定为该分数（如8分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可以加一分（即9分）或减一分（即7分）。但不得加或减半分。具体标准如下：
2分—— 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，
且多数为严重错误。
5分—— 基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语言 错误。
8分—— 基本切题，有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，但语
言错误较多，其中有少量的严重错误。
11分——切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。
14分——切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好，基本上无语言
错误。
（注：白卷、作文与题目毫不相关、或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分；特别优秀的作文也可评15分。）
从以上评分标准来看，要在四级考试作文题中得高分，必须做到：内容切题，语言准
确，表达清楚，文字连贯，句法多变。
论说文
一、论说文的基本框架
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一般而言，完整的论说文有论点、论据和论证三大要素。因此论说文写作通常按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题三个步骤进行，常被称为“三段式”作文。
二、论说文基本写作步骤
写作步骤
1． 仔细审题，围绕主题筛选写作素材； 2． 列出提纲点，写扩展句；
3． 根据段首句将提纲点扩展成段并缀段成篇； 4． 通读全篇，修改语法、拼写和标点符号错误。
第一节 对立观点型论说文 一、对立观点型论说文结构模式
1． 引出话题 → 一种观点认为?? → 另一种观点认为?? → 我的观点（结论） 2． 引出话题（一种情况）→ 一种观点认为?? → 我的态度（观点）
二、对立观点型论说文写作要领 考生在比较阐述两个不同的观点时，要有自己的观点倾向。对自己赞同的观点可以少花些笔墨，以便在表达自己的观点时还有话可说；对自己反对的观点可以多花些笔墨进行驳斥。如果提纲所列的两个观点自己都不同意，在评论这两个观点时可以平分笔墨。
考生在文章的最后表明自己的态度或看法时，如果看法与文章前面所列举的某种观点相同或相似并且需要论述观点时，切忌重复前面提到的论据。考生应该在打腹稿时合理分配论据。
三、对立观点型论说文范文 范文（一） Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition
on the topic Reading Selectively or Extensively. You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese)
below:
1． 认为读书要有选择 2． 认为应当博览群书 3． 我的看法
When it comes to the issue of reading electively or extensively, different
people have different opinions. It is held by some people that one should read selectively. But it is also believed by other people that one should read extensively.
Those who hold the first opinion think that one’s time and energy are limited and one can never read as many books as he wishes. In contrast, those who hold the second view think that to know the world from all perspectives one should absorb a variety of knowledge by reading extensively. As to me, I agree with the former opinion. Admittedly, one can absorb more knowledge by
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reading extensively, but it doesn’t follow that one should read without discrimination. As one’s time and energy are limited, one should devote his limited time and energy to reading relevant and beneficial books. It’s a waste of time to read irrelevant books. Furthermore, some books are harmful to one’s mind. If we don’t read books selectively, we will be led astray be harmful books.
范文（二） Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition
on the topic Can Money Buy Happiness? You should write at least 120 words, and
you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1． 有些人认为金钱是幸福之本（source of happiness） 2． 另外一些人认为金钱是万恶之源（root of evil） 3． 我的看法
Can money buy happiness? Various people have various answers. Some
people think that money is the source of happiness. With money, one can buy whatever he enjoys. With money, one can do whatever he likes. So, in their minds, money can bring comfort, security, and so on.
However, other people don’t think money can buy happiness. They consider it the root of all evils. Money leads to one’s stealing, to robbing, and to one’s breaking the law. A lot of people became criminals just because they were in search of money. And in western countries, there is nothing that can’t be bought by money. Many people lose their lives when they are desperate to get money. But, in my opinion, money is useful the most important thing is how to do with it. People must be the owners of money instead of the slaves of money. People must let the money work as people want it to. As the old saying goes: Money can’t buy everything, but without money, you can do nothing. So, money, if it is in proper use, may bring us happiness. People must earn money lawfully, and with their money, people may live better. Only in this way can money make people happy.
On the whole, one should bear in mind that one should make money your servant, not your master.
第二节 问题解决型论说文 一、问题解决型论说文结构模式
1． 描述情况（问题） → 分析原因 → 我的对策或看法 2． 提出问题 → 分析各种解决方法 → 结论
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二、问题解决型论说文写作要领 考生在动笔之前，应仔细阅读提纲，弄清楚作文每段内容的要求。从而避免出现只分析了问题产生的原因，却忘了提出解决问题的对策的情况；还要避免错误地将分析解决问题的方法理解成为分析问题产生的原因。 考生在提出解决问题的方案时，切记要将方案和前一段中问题产生的原因相呼应，这样整篇文章才会显得结构紧凑，有理有据。 在列举数个原因或对策时，切忌杂乱无章。可以使用firstly, secondly, furthermore, finally等连接词来保证整段文章的连贯性和条理性。 三、问题解决型论说文范文解析 范文（一） Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition
on the topic Make Our City Greener. You should write at least 120 words, and you
should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1． 城市绿化的现状
2． 绿化的好处（如：清洁空气、美化城市、改善气候） 3． 怎样才能实现绿化
In recent years our cities have become much greener. A lot of trees, grasses
and flowers were planted in vacant lots and on both sides of the street. The area of urban afforestation per person has been greatly increased. There are a lot of advantages of urban afforestation. Firstly, trees, grasses and flowers can make the city more beautiful, for natural plants are well matched with artificial buildings. Secondly, plants can purify air in the city because they not only absorb carbon dioxide and the flying dust but also release oxygen. Thirdly, plants can muffle noises produced by vehicles and machines. Finally, trees can make the climate better in that they can alleviate intense heat in summer and severe cold in winter.
Therefore, special care must be taken to make our city greener. From my point of view, first we should make people aware of the importance of making cities greener. Besides, great efforts should be made to plant more trees, grasses and flowers. Meanwhile, we should carefully look after the planted trees, grasses and flowers and no one is allowed to destroy these plants. So long as we do so, we can entirely make our cities greener.
范文（二） Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition
on the topic Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
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1． 大学生了解社会的必要性
2． 了解社会的途径（如：大众媒介、社会服务等） 3． 我打算怎么做
With the development of our society, the campus is no longer an “ivory
tower” and students can’t merely confine themselves to the campus. It’s time for them to go out of the campus and know the world outside the “ivory tower”. For one thing, it can help students have a better understanding of themselves so that they can modify their way in studies. For another, it will lay a solid foundation for their future career. Finally, they can enhance their abilities in management, organization and so on.
There are many ways for students to get to know the outside world. First, they can know the world from mass media, such as newspaper, TV, radio, magazines and advertisements which provide information about political events, social news, the latest development in science and technology and so forth. Second, they can know the world from social services, such as job-hunting and tutorship, which grant students wide opportunities to know the society. Third, students can also make investigations in factories and villages, talking with the workers or farmers to learn their experiences.
As a student, I think the first thing I should do is to study hard to lay a good foundation for my future job. The other thing I can do is to take some part-time jobs to gain personal experience about the world outside the campus.
第三节 说明利弊型论说文
说明利弊型论说文是四、六级作文中另一常见命题形式，它一般要求作者针对某一事物或某一现象从正反两方面辨证地分析它的优缺点，然后表明自己对该事物或现象的看法。由此可见，此类作文一般可写成“三段式”或“四段式”的文章。
一、说明利弊型论说文结构模式
描述某一现象（事物） → 分析其优点 → 分析其缺点 → 我的态度或看法 二、说明利弊型论说文写作要领 在分别说明某一现象（事物）的优点或缺点时，切忌凌乱，一定要有条理。可以使用一些过渡词或词组，如：firstly, secondly, finally; For one thing, …For another, …
在文章最后一段表明自己的态度或看法时，考生最好给出相应的理由或者提出更好的方法以减少某现象(事物)可能带来的负面效应。 三、说明利弊型论说文范文解析 范文（一） Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition
on the topic Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports. You should write at least 120
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