Unit11

Unit11. Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?

第一课时知识梳理:宾语从句。

1．语序:无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋??）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种： 1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如： Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？

The small children don't know what is in their stockings．这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西？

2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：

He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。

The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room．老师问我们房间里有多少人。

3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if ／whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：

He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi．他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。 Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？ 4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：

Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？

She asked me if I knew whose pen it was．她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。

2．连接词1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：

He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。 2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：

I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

但在下列情况下只能用whether：

①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if?or not也可以使用）。如：

Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。

I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我们是去还是留。 ②在介词之后用whether。如：

I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。 ③在不定式前用whether。如：

He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。

I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。

He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。

④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：

Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。 ⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：

Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。

The question is whether we can catch the bus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。

⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：

Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：

a．Please let me know whether you like the book．请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。 b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。 3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：

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Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？ 3．时态

含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：

1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如： I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。

He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。 2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如： ①The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。

②He asked his father how it happened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。

3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老师说地球绕着太阳转。 4．注意：

if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当??时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如： —Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？ —Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。

—I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否会来。 —He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。 简化宾语从句常用六法

同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：

方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：

Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.

We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.

方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：

She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.

注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：

Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？

方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：

The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如： He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.

The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：

Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：

It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win. 除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：

I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.

Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.

They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy 初中英语宾语从句语法专项精选试题

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习题(一)

1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take 2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.

A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been 3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are

4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.

A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may

5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.

A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled

习题(二)

1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty

A. who B. what C. when D. that

2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.

A. what B. if C. when D. where

3 I hardly understand. ___ he has told me.

A. that B. what C. which D. who

4 She didn't know___ back soon.

A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be 5. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D. when

6. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening A. what B when C why D how

7. He asked me _____told me the accident.

A whom B which C who D whose 习题(三)

1. They don't know their parents are. A that B what C why D which

2. Please tell me ______what last year.

A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked

3. She asked me if I knew ______.

A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it

4. You must remember ________.

A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say

C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said

5 Did you know ____

A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for

C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after

6 Could you tell me ___

A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing

C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing

习题(四)

1. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shop keeper _____ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. A. that B. how C. whatD. if

2. —I don't know _____ Mr. Green will come to see us.

—He will help us with our English. A. why B. when C. how D. where 3. —We never know _____ the old m an is.—They say he is a teacher.

A. what B. who C. which D. where

4. I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.

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A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when

5. —Do you know _____ I'm going to see him.—Sorry, I don't know. A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived

6. —W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer

—Sorry, I have no idea. (南京市)

A. /; bought B. has; bought C. did; buy D. does; buy

7. I don't feel very well. Mum asked me _____ this morning. (重庆市)

A. what the matter is B. what is wrong

C. what the matter was D. what wrong was

8. —Where is Jack

—He is away to spend his holiday. He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan, but I'm not sure _____ . (南昌市)

A. that B. which C. where D. there 秘笈一：引导词

宾语从句的引导词常常有以下三种：由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为that，that在口语或非正式文体中可省略；由一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为if或whether；由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词，即what，when，where等。如：

I think（that）he will come here by train. 我认为他会坐火车来这儿的。 He asked me if / whether I know his new address. 他问我是否知道他的新地址。 I want to know when you got back home yesterday. 我想知道你昨天什么时候到家的。 秘笈二：语序

宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序，即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说，将疑问句转化成宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。如：

Can you tell me what he will do tomorrow? 你能告诉我他明天将要做什么吗？ 【友情提示】当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变。如：

Do you know what makes him so excited? 你知道什么事使他如此兴奋吗？

I don’t know what is wrong with him. 我不知道他出什么事了。 秘笈三：时态

主句为一般现在时态，则宾语从句根据实际情况用任意的时态；但主句为一般过去时态时，宾语从句则要用过去的相对应的某种时态。例如：

She tells me that she will come by bus. 她说她将要坐公交车来。

She told me that she would come by bus. 她说她将要坐公交车来。

【友情提示】如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实，其谓语动词仍用一般现在时态。如：

Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon.

老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。

练一练：单项选择

（ ）1. Please tell me___ ___. I have some good news for him.

A. where Robert lives

B. where does Robert live C. where Robert lived

D. where did Robert live

（ ）2. —We don’t know ．

—It is said that he was born in Canada．

A．what he is B．when he was born C．where he comes from D．if he lives here （ ）3. —May I come in? I’m sorry I am late.

—Come in, please. But could you please tell me ______? A. why you are late again B. what were you doing then C. who you talked with

D. how do you came to school

（ ）4. Could you tell me________?

A. When will Mary come back B. When Mary comes back C. When Mary will come back

（ ）5.—What did you say just now?

—I asked _______. A. that I could open the door

B. could I open the door

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C. how could I open the door D. how I could open the door

（ ）6.—Do you know ________, Mike? —On May 12th,2008

A. when the earthquake took place in Wen Chuan B. when did the earthquake take place in Wen Chuan

C. when the earthquake will take place in Wen Chuan

【课后反思】__________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二课时Section A 重点词语：

1.escalator. n.电动扶梯，自动扶梯。take the escalator 乘电动扶梯 elevator垂直上下，封闭式的电梯。

You can take the escalator down to any floor in the supermarket. 2.magic. n.魔术，魔力 (U)Do you believe in magic? adj.魔术的，魔力的。作定语。

The Queen has a magic mirror which can tell her who is the most beautiful woman in the world. 3. fresh [fre ] adj. 新鲜的,新的,无经验的,清新的,精神饱满的等。

【例】(1)He doesn't want to speak as he is still fresh here.他新到这里,所以不想发言。 2)The brilliant performance are still fresh in people's memory.那次精彩的演出人们记忆犹新。 (3)I prefer fresh pork to bacon.我宁愿吃鲜猪肉,不愿吃腊肉。 (4)She is a fresh hand at the job. 她做这项工作还是新手。

(5)Open the window and let in some fresh air。打开窗户放些新鲜空气进来。 (6)He felt exhausted while the children remained fresh. 他感到精疲力竭,而孩子们却是精神饱满。

典题赏析

1.-Does Ted tell you if he _______next Sunday?

-No, he doesn’t .But if he _____, I’ll give you a ring. A. will come; will come B. comes ; will come C. comes; comes D. will come; comes

2.-Could you please tell me ______?-But No.32 will take you right there. A. where is Henan Museum B. what Henan Museum is like

C. how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I shall take it Henan Museum 中考链接 一、单项选择

1. There will be ______ people in the future.

A. little B. few C. less D. fewer 2. Nobody knows what dinosaurs _______ .

A. looked like B. looked for C. looked at D. looked after 3. Everyone else was invited in my class ________ me. A. except B. but C. besides D. and

4. There were many famous predictions that never _________ . A. came true B. came real C. come true D. be true 5. While the boy was shopping, he saw the UFO _______. A. took off B. taking off C. takes off D. take off 6. Don't watch TV _________ .

A. all the same B. a11 the time C. sometimes D. at times 7. Tom writes as _______ as I.

A. careful B. carefuler C. more careful D. carefully 8. Mr. Li said I could do better______ English. A. on B. in C. at D. for

9.——The teacher will give my mother a call. ——The teacher will __________ this afternoon.

A. call her up B. call up she C. call she up D. call up her 10. I hope I have ________ free time. I don't like t6 keep busy. A. much B. less C. many D. more 11. If you do, the teacher __________ . A. will take it away B. take away it C. take it away D. will take away it

12.——Xiao Fang, do you like the city life or the country life?

——It' s hard to say. In the city there is ______ interesting, but in the country there is ______ pollution. A. more, less B. less, more C. more, fewer D. much, much 13. Grandparents told us they were _______ . A. Keep healthy B. did exercise C. in good healthy D. in good health

14. I think there will be _______ tall buildings, and there will be ____cars and more buses in the future. A. more, fewer B. fewer, more C. more, more D. much, less 15. I got up late before, But now I _______up early. A. used to get B. am used to get C. am used to getting D. used to getting

【课后反思】__________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第三课时Section B 重点词语：

1. slide [slaid] vi & vt. 滑动,不知不觉地陷入,把??偷偷放入。它的过去式,过去分词是slid,slid(slidden)。

【例】(1)The boy hurt his hand when sliding on the ice.这男孩溜冰时把手跌伤了。

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