Eager to open up a space tourism market, a Russian company presented a “space place” model. It would give tourists the chance to spend an hour in space.
Anybody who can pay about $100,000 would be able to experience zero gravity. About 100 people have already booked seats to fly on the C-21 plane. The US company helped the first space tourist, Dennis Tito, to secure his flight to the International Space Station. Tito is said to have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip. C-21 would offer tourists a small glimpse of space. The aircraft, carrying a pilot and two passengers, will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane until it is 17,100 metres in the air. Once released from the carrier, the ship’s own rocket will send it to a height of over 96 kilometers for three minutes of weightlessness. Then C-21 will slide back into the atmosphere and land like an ordinary plane. The entire flight will only take about an hour.(from www.zkenglish.com)
仔细阅读短文，补上每个句子中所缺的词，使句意完整，语句连贯。
6. A ________ company would give tourists the ________ to spend an hour in space. 7. About 100 people are ________ to spend $100,000 for ________ on the C-21 plane.
8. Dennis Tito is the first ________ ________. He have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip in space.
9. A ________ and two ________ will be positioned on top of a carrier airplane. 10. C-21 will ________ back into the atmosphere and ________ like an ordinary plane. C
Once a boy who wanted to fly covered his arms with feathers. He used wax to keep the feathers on. But he flew too close to the sun. The wax melted. The feathers came off. Down came the boy! This is just a story. But it tells us that man has always dreamed of flying. In 1783, this dream came true. Two French brothers invented the hot-air balloon. It rose a thousand feet high.
It took almost 100 years for men to move from the hot-air balloon to the first airship. It was invented in the late 1900s. It was a powered balloon.
In North Carolina of America, less than twenty-five years later, the Wright Brothers flew the first airplane. This first flight, in 1903, lasted less than half a minute. It covered just a few feet. 根据短文内容，选择能回答所提问题的最佳答案。
11. Why did the boy come down from the sky? Because ________. A. he covered his arms with feathers B. he used wax to keep the feathers on C. he flew too close to the sun
D. the wax melted and the feathers came off 12. Who invented the hot-air balloon? A. Two French brothers. Brothers.
C. Benjamin Franklin.
11
B.
the Wright
D. Einstein.
13.When was the first airship invented? A. In the late 1900s. C. A and B.
B. About 100 years ago.
D. Many years ago.
14. How about the first airplane?
A. The Wright Brothers invented the first airplane. B. It flew less than half a minute and a few feet high. C. This first flight was in 1903.
D. It was born in North Carolina of America. 【答案与解析】
1. D。根据E-books are electronic books. They are no larger than an ordinary book, with a screen on which you can read 可知答案为D。
2. A。根据First, you call up websites on your computer and select books that you want可知答案为A。
3. B。根据You can download about 10 books at a time(你每次大约能下载10本书)就能确定答案。
4. A。根据First of all, e-books save space. You can put as many as 10books into a thing no bigger than a pocket radio and then carry it everywhere(首先，电子书节省空间，你能放10本书进入比口袋收音机大不多的一件东西里，且可携带到任何地方去)可确定答案。
5. C。根据With the development of e-book technology, probably an e-library will appear(随着电子书技术的发展，电子图书馆就会应运而生)就能确定答案。
6. Russian, chance。根据Eager to open up a space tourism market, a Russian company presented a “space place” model. It would give tourists the chance to spend an hour in space(人类渴望开发太空旅游市场, 一家俄罗斯公司提出一项“太空住所” 样式，将给旅游者提供1小时在太空潇洒的机会)足能敲定要填的词(from www.zkenglish.com)。
7. eager, flying。根据Anybody who can pay about $100,000 would be able to experience zero gravity. About 100 people have already booked seats to fly on the C-21 plane (任何能负担得起大约10万美元的人都能体验飞行时之失重状态，约有100人已经预定了飞向太空的C-21 型飞机的座位)足能敲定要填的词。
8. space tourist。根据The US company helped the first space tourist, Dennis Tito, to secure his flight to the International Space Station. Tito is said to have paid $20 million for the eight-day trip(美国公司帮助第一位太空旅行者丹尼斯·提托安全飞行到太空站上，据提托说他付了两千万美元旅行了8天)足能敲定要填的词。
9. pilot, passengers。根据The aircraft, carrying a pilot and two passengers, will be positioned on
12
top of a carrier airplane until it is 17,100 metres in the air(载一个飞行员和两名乘客的太空船安放在一架航空母舰上，一直飞行到17,100米的高度)足能敲定要填的词。
10. slide, land。根据Then C-21 will slide back into the atmosphere and land like an ordinary plane(然后C-21就滑回到大气层中，像一架普通飞机着陆到地面上)足能敲定要填的词。 11. D。根据 Once a boy who wanted to fly covered his arms with feathers. He used wax to keep the feathers on. But he flew too close to the sun. The wax melted. The feathers came off (从前, 一个胳膊上绑着羽毛的男孩想飞向蓝天。他用蜡把羽毛粘在胳膊上，由于飞得离太阳太近，蜡融化了，羽毛脱落了) 显然, 选项A和选项B都不是原因，选项C是原因，选项D才是最佳答案。
12. A。根据 Two French brothers invented the hot-air balloon(两个法国兄弟发明了热气球)就能确定选项。
13. C。根据 It took almost 100 years for men to move from the hot-air balloon to the first airship. It was invented in the late 1900s可知答案选C。
14. B。根据This first flight, in 1903, lasted less than half a minute. It covered just a few feet(1903年诞生了第一架飞机，飞行不到半分钟，仅飞了几英尺高)可知答案选B。
备考现在完成时的六个要点
现在完成时是初中英语中最重要也是最难掌握的一个时态，同时它也是中考英语中一个最重要的时态考点，许多同学们对现在完成的用法似懂非懂，具体做题时也往往是跟着感觉走。本文结合初中英语的教学内容和中考英语的考查特点，为同学们归纳学好定语从句必须注意的五个方面，供大家参考。 一、弄清基本构成方法
现在完成时由“have / has+过去分词”构成。其中的have / has 为助动词，构成疑问句时，可将其提前；构成否定句时，可直接在其后加not。 二、掌握两种主要用法
现在完成时主要有两种用法，一种是已完成用法，也叫影响性用法；另一种是未完成用法，也叫持续性用法。两种用法的特点是：
1. 已完成用法(影响性用法)：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成，并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果，同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。如：
She has left. 她离开了。(对现在的影响或结果：她现在不在这儿。)
13
Has she found her car key? 她找到她的车钥匙了吗?(对现在的影响或结果：她能开她的车了吗?)
I have finished my work. 我的工作做完了。(对现在的影响或结果：现在我没事了。) He has eaten nothing today. 他今天什么也没吃。(对现在的影响或结果：他现在一定很饿。) 2. 未完成用法(持续性用法)：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)。如： How have you been? 你近来怎样?
She has been a teacher for 20 years. 她已当了20年的老师。 How long have you lived here? 你在这里住了多久了? They have been married for ten years. 他们结婚已经10年了。 I’ve known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了。
注：除以上用法外，现在完成时还可表示过去的重复动作甚至将来动作。如： He has always gone to work by bike. 他总是骑自行车上班。
I’ll go to bed when I’ve finished my homework. 我做完作业后就上床睡觉了。 三、注意通常连用的副词
现在完成时通常连用的副词有already, never, ever, just, before, recently等。如： We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。 He has never driven a car before. 他过去从未开过车。 Have you ever been a teacher? 你当过教师吗? She’s just been to a party. 她刚参加一个晚会回来。 I’ve just had some photos taken. 我刚照了几张相。
但是，若不强调动作对现在的影响，这些副词也可用一般过去时。如： He just arrived in Japan. 他刚到日本。
Such things didn’t happen before. 那样的事以前没有发生过。 I hear that he went abroad recently. 我听说他最近出国了。 四、注意since与现在完成时的关系
since不管用作介词、连词还是副词，句子(主句)谓语通常都用现在完成时。如： I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她
I met him in 1975 and haven't seen him since. 1975年我见过他，但自那以后就一直未见到他。 We have been good friends since we met at school. 自从读书相识以来，我们一直是好朋友。 注：表示时间长度时，通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如： It’s a long time since I met you last. 好久不见了。
It’s about six months since we arrived here. 我们到这里大约有半年了。 五、注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
14
现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆，其区别是：前者强调对现在的影响和结果，后者不强调这个影响和结果，而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去。如： I’ve lived here for ten years. 我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿) I lived here for ten years. 我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了) Has he got up? 他起来了吗? (着眼现在情况)
Did you get up very early? 你起来很早吗? (着眼动作本身)
I’ve got no news from him. 我没听到他的消息。(不知道他的情况怎样) I got the news from Jim. 这消息我是从吉姆那听来的。(单纯谈论动作)
六、掌握have been to 和have gone to的用法区别
两者均可后接地点，前者表示去过某地，通常可与表示次数的状语连用；后者表示到某地去了，强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。比较： She has been to Europe twice. 她到欧洲去过两次。 She has gone to Europe. 她到欧洲去了。(即现在不在这儿) 注：若其后不是接名词，而是接副词，则不用to。如： He has been abroad many times. 他多次出国。 He has gone home. 他回家去了。
做好选择填空的六项注意
1. 注意暗示的语言信息
当今许多考题不再像以往那样直抒题意，而是把题置于一个特定的环境。这样的选择题常在题干上附带文字信息。这种信息就是答题的关键，所以要认真研究暗示信息，结合所学知识点，选出最佳答案。例如：
(1) Is there ______ food in the fridge？I’m hungry. A. some
B. any
C. something
D. anything
本题是考查不定代词的用法，从题干上可知C、D不作定语，应考虑A、B两个选项，这时就需要领会附加成分I’m hungry. 的含义，它的意思是“我饿了。”，言下之意希望冰箱里有食物，即希望肯定回答，故选A。 (2) ______ have you been to Xi’an？ —Twice. (from www.zkenglish.com) A. How soon C. How often
B. How m any times D. How long
本题主要是对疑问词的考查，由于A用于将来时态，D用于表段时间，本题只有在B、C中选择了。有的同学一见Twice就会选C，本题的关键也确实在Twice这个附加成分上，仔
15