deregulate [????????????] (v) to free an industry , an organization, etc from price control, especially by a government 撤消管制 [例] to deregulate the food market
deskilling (n) the losing of skills by workers through unemployment , lack of training , etc.失去技能
[例] The great depression caused many companies to lay off their workers which would result in deskilling of staff.
desktop [????????] (n.) desktop computer 台式电脑 despatch [ ???????? ] see: dispatch
devalue [??????????] (v.) reduce the value of a currency against other currencies（货币）贬值 [例] The war inside the country severely hurts the consumers? confidence and devalues its currency in the
international financial market. [同义词] depreciate, devaluate
devaluation [???????????????? ] (n.) the deduction in the value of a currency against other currencies（货币）贬值 [同义词] depreciation, deflation
differentiate [ ?????????????? ] (v.) to make something different or highlight the difference between two things区别
[例] It is hard to differentiate the one from the other. [同义词] distinguish, set apart,separate
differentiation [?????????????????? ] (n.) making sure that a product has distinguishing features区别
[例] Line 1 and Line 2 have little differentiation.
price differential (n) the difference in prices charged for the same product in different shops, or for different products in a range 差价
[例] The price for this air-conditioner is the lowest in Shanghai, and if you can find lower price for it within 15 days, we will refund the price differential to you.
direct [ ????????????????? ] (v.) manage, be in charge of管理，指挥 [例] He directs our sales operation. [同义词] namage, control, run
director [ ??????????????????? ] (n.) person appointed by shareholders to help manage a company 主管，董事
managing director UK [US Chief Executive Officer] 执行总裁 direct flight flight without transfer 直航
direct mail (n.) selling a product by sending information through the post直接邮寄广告 [例] We have to wait for 2 days if we send it by direct mail.
direct selling (n.) selling directly to a customer without going through any middlemen直销 [例] Direct selling can save a lot of money.
directory [ ???????????] (n.) reference book containing listings目录 [例] a telephone directory, a trade directory
31
discount [ ????????? ]1. (n.) percentage reduction in a full price打折 [例] You can have 5% discount as a VIP customer. 2. (v.) reduce the full price打折 [同义词] rebate
disintegration [ ???????????????? ](n) the breaking up of a company or group of companies 解散
[例]At last , the merger of these two big companies comes to disintegration. dismiss [???????? ] (v.) remove from employment, sack (inf)解雇 [例] You are dismissed for your poor performance and bad working attitude. [同义词] discharge
dismissal [ ??????????] (n.) act of dismissing解雇 [例] These rules are formal-such as the procedure for dismissal. [同义词] discharge
dispatch 1. (n.) sending goods to a customer送货 [例] dispatch department 2. (v.) send goods to customers送货
display [????????] 1. (n.) show/exhibition of goods展览
[例] There was a display of the latest research at the trade fair in Frankfurt. 2. (v.) show, exhibit展览
dispute [ ????????? ]1. (n.) a disagreement争论 [例] We hope the matter in dispute will soon be settled. 2. (v.) to disagree争辩
distribute [ ?????????????? ] (v.) send out goods from the manufacturer to the end user分销 [例] The distributing line of the company is very advanced and considerable.
distribution [???????????????? ] (n.) act of sending goods from the producer to another person or organization分销
[例] Have you prepared for the distribution of the goods?
distributor [??????????????] (n.) person or company which sells goods for a manufacturer分销商 [例] We are the sole distributors.
diversify [???????????? ] (v.) extend into new business areas多元化 [例] Although we are a chemicals company, we diversified into publishing. [同义词] vary, variegate
diversification [ ????????????????? ] (n.) act of diversifying多元化
[例] The superior leaders of the company believe the diversification will bring larger market and more profits. divest [ ???????? ] (v.) to sell assets出售 [例] We cannot divest all assets.
dividend [ ????????? ] (n.) percentage of profits paid to shareholders红利 [例] The size of the dividend payment is decided by the board of the directors.
32
[同义词] bonus
dividend per share (n) the amount of money paid by a company to its shareholders divided by the total number of shares issues 每股股息
[例] After the reshuffle of the company, there is a huge rise in dividend per share . division [????????? ] (n.) main part of a large organisation部门
[例] The job description indicates where the job is to be carried out in terms of location, plant, division,
department, and section.
documentation [ ?????????????????] (n.) a collection of documents referring to a subject文件资料
[例] We have noted your instructions about documentation and will do accordingly.
dog [???? ] (n.) term used in Boston Matrix to describe a product with low market growth and low market share（波士顿距阵中）市场占有率低、增长率慢的瘦狗产品
donate [ ???????? ] (v.) to present as a gift to a fund or cause; contribute捐赠 [例] TOSHIBA donated $ 5 m to Cambridge Univ. [同义词] give, bestow
domestic [ ??????????] (adj.) referring to the home market国内的 [例] Large domestic market encourages us to explore overseas markets. [同义词] internal
dominant [?????????? ] (adj.) most prominent as in position of market （市场）领导地位的 [例] In these newer markets the firm is dominant.
down payment a partial payment made at the time of purchase, with the balance to be paid later头期款购买时的部分付款
down market (n. adj & adv) cheap, low end of the market 低端市场(的)
down-time/downtime [ ????????? ] (n.) time when factory machines are not producing停工期 [例] The downtime of the machine is too long. We?d better call the technician to maintain it.
downturn [`????????] (n.) a tendency downward, especially in business or economic activity低迷时期 [例] There is a terrific downturn in retail sales six years ago. DP (n.) (=Data Processing) the use of data by computers数据处理
drawer [ ???????] (n) one that draws, especially one that draws an order for the payment of money 开票人
[例] The cheque was bounced to the drawer because there was not enough money in his account. drawee [ ??????? ] (n) the party on which an order for the payment of money is drawn受票人 [例] The drawee refused to accept the cheque because there was no signature in it.
drill [????? ] (n.) disciplined, repetitious exercise as a means of teaching and perfecting a skill or procedure训练
[例] easy and short drills
drive [?????]1 (n.) energy内驱力,冲劲 [例] His drive was worn out in the long run. [同义词] vigour
33
2.(v.) urge forward催使，促进
[例] New technological solutions are needed to tackle the problem and to help drive businesses forward to
improve their productivity and output. [同义词] propel, push, impel
due [????? ] (adj.) owed应付的，到期的 [例] This debt became due last week.
dull [ ??? ] (adj.) (of business or market)sluggish; flat 不景气的 [例] The business of this company is dull this year.
duplicate [???????????? ](n) an exact copy of a document such as a letter, a report, a receipt , and invoice etc.副本
[例] Keep the duplicate for your reference. [同义词] copy
duty-free (adj.) exempt from customs duties 免税的 [例] duty-free merchandise
34
E
earnings [ ??????? ] (n. pl) salaries, profits, dividends, interest received收入 [例] The meager earnings can hardly make a living for me.
economic [?????????????] (adj.) 1. providing enough money, profitable赚钱的,有利润的 [例] This project doesn?t make economic sense. 2. referring to state of the national economy经济的 [例] There is an economic crisis.
economic efficiency (n.) the ratio of outputs to inputs经济效益 [例] The economic efficiency is higher this year than last year.
economic sanctions (n) measures taken to force a country to obey international law, by stopping or reducing trade with that country. 经济制裁
[例] The UN decided to life the long-term economic sanctions on Iraq. economical [ ??????????????] (adj.) money-saving节约的 [例] an economical car [同义词] thrifty
economics [?????????????????????] (n. pl) the study of macro and micro economics经济学
economist [?????????????] (n.) person who specializes in the study of economics经济学家 economise [??????????] (v.) save money by spending less节约 economies (n. pl) savings积蓄
[例] We need to introduce some economies.
economy [???????????? ] (n.) financial organization of a country经济体制 [例] a free market economy
economy class the cheapest class of a air travel经济舱 economy of scale 规模经济 edge [ ??? ] (n.) advantage优势 [例] a competitive edge
effective [????????? ] (adj.) able to produce the right results有效的，给人深刻印象的 [例] The new pricelist will become effective from January. ；an effective resume [同义词] efficient, effectual, efficacious
efficiency [?????????? ] (n.) ability to do the right thing效率 [例] This machine has a good efficiency.
efficient [????????? ] (adj.) able to produce the right results quickly效率高的 [例] The new type of machine is efficient to produce products. [同义词] effective, effectual, efficacious
(be) eligible for qualified or entitled to be chosen有资格的 [例] They are eligible for the grant from the government.
embezzle[ ??????? ] (v) to take (money, for example) for one's own use in violation of a trust 挪用公款 [例] The GM is charged with embezzling funds from the company?s account.
35