方程式素材库 作者：湖南新邵二中 黄美华
方程式素材库(共57页)
总 目 录
一、无机化学方程式 二、热化学方程式 三、有机反应方程式 四、离子方程式 五、电极方程式
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分 目 录 表
一、无机化学方程式 ........................................................................................................ 6
A .............................................................................................................................. 6
Ag ..................................................................................................................... 6 Al ...................................................................................................................... 6
Al ............................................................................................................... 6 Al2O3、Al(OH)3........................................................................................... 7 铝盐............................................................................................................ 7 As...................................................................................................................... 7 B .............................................................................................................................. 7
Ba...................................................................................................................... 7 Be...................................................................................................................... 8 Br ...................................................................................................................... 8 C .............................................................................................................................. 8
C ....................................................................................................................... 8
C ................................................................................................................ 8 CO .............................................................................................................. 9 CO2............................................................................................................. 9 Ca.................................................................................................................... 10 Cl .................................................................................................................... 10 Cu.....................................................................................................................11 F..............................................................................................................................11
F2......................................................................................................................11 Fe .....................................................................................................................11
Fe ..............................................................................................................11 FeO........................................................................................................... 12 Fe2O3 ........................................................................................................ 12 Fe3O4 ........................................................................................................ 12
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方程式素材库 作者：湖南新邵二中 黄美华
Fe(OH)2、Fe(OH)3 ..................................................................................... 12 FeCl2......................................................................................................... 13 FeCl3......................................................................................................... 13 FeS ........................................................................................................... 13 其它Fe化合物 .......................................................................................... 13
H ............................................................................................................................ 13
H2 .................................................................................................................... 13 Hg ................................................................................................................... 14 HF ................................................................................................................... 14 HCl .................................................................................................................. 14 HBr.................................................................................................................. 14 HI .................................................................................................................... 14 H2O ................................................................................................................. 15 H2O2 ................................................................................................................ 15 H2S .................................................................................................................. 15 H2CO3 .............................................................................................................. 16 HClO ............................................................................................................... 16 HNO3 ............................................................................................................... 16 H3PO4 .............................................................................................................. 17 H2SO3 .............................................................................................................. 17 H2SO4 .............................................................................................................. 17 I ............................................................................................................................. 18 K ............................................................................................................................ 19
K ..................................................................................................................... 19 K2O、K2O2....................................................................................................... 19
KOH ................................................................................................................ 19 K2CO3 .............................................................................................................. 19 KHCO3............................................................................................................. 19 KClO3 .............................................................................................................. 20 KI .................................................................................................................... 20 KAl(SO4)2 ........................................................................................................ 20 KMnO4............................................................................................................. 20 KSCN .............................................................................................................. 20 KH................................................................................................................... 20 L ............................................................................................................................ 21
Li..................................................................................................................... 21
Li2O ................................................................................................................. 21 LiOH ............................................................................................................... 21 Li2CO3 ............................................................................................................. 21 LiHCO3 ............................................................................................................ 21 M............................................................................................................................ 22
Mg ................................................................................................................... 22 MgO ................................................................................................................ 22 Mg(OH)2 .......................................................................................................... 22
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方程式素材库 作者：湖南新邵二中 黄美华
MgCO3............................................................................................................. 22 Mg(HCO3)2....................................................................................................... 22 MgSO4 ............................................................................................................. 23 MnO2 ............................................................................................................... 23 N ............................................................................................................................ 23
N2 .................................................................................................................... 23 NO、NO2、N2O5 .............................................................................................. 23 NH3 ................................................................................................................. 24 NH4HCO3、(NH4)2CO3...................................................................................... 24 NH4Cl .............................................................................................................. 24 NH4NO3 ........................................................................................................... 25 (NH4)2SO3、(NH4)2SO4 ..................................................................................... 25 Na、Na2O、Na2O2 ............................................................................................ 25 NaH ................................................................................................................. 25 NaOH .............................................................................................................. 26 NaAlO2 ............................................................................................................ 26 NaCl、NaClO、NaBr、NaI ............................................................................... 26 Na2CO3、NaHCO3 ............................................................................................ 27 NaNO3、NaNO2................................................................................................ 27 Na3PO4、NaH2PO4、Na2HPO4 ........................................................................... 27 Na2S、NaHS .................................................................................................... 28 Na2SO4、Na2SO3、Na2S2O3 ............................................................................... 28 Na2SiO3 ............................................................................................................ 28 C6H5ONa .......................................................................................................... 28 O ............................................................................................................................ 28
O2 .................................................................................................................... 28 O3 .................................................................................................................... 29 P............................................................................................................................. 29
P...................................................................................................................... 29 P2O3、P2O5....................................................................................................... 30
Pb、PbO2 ......................................................................................................... 30 铅盐................................................................................................................. 30 R ............................................................................................................................ 30 S............................................................................................................................. 30
S...................................................................................................................... 31 SO2 .................................................................................................................. 31 SO3 .................................................................................................................. 32 Si..................................................................................................................... 32 SiO2 ................................................................................................................. 32 Z ............................................................................................................................ 33
Zn.................................................................................................................... 33
ZnO ................................................................................................................. 33 Zn(OH)2 ........................................................................................................... 33
二、热化学方程式.......................................................................................................... 33
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方程式素材库 作者：湖南新邵二中 黄美华
B ............................................................................................................................ 33 C ............................................................................................................................ 34 H ............................................................................................................................ 34 N ............................................................................................................................ 35 P............................................................................................................................. 35 S............................................................................................................................. 35 三、有机反应方程式 ...................................................................................................... 35
(一)、烷烃 .............................................................................................................. 35 (二)、烯烃 .............................................................................................................. 36 (三)、炔烃 .............................................................................................................. 36 (四)、芳香烃 ........................................................................................................... 36 (五)、石油 .............................................................................................................. 37 (六)、卤代烃 ........................................................................................................... 37 (七)、醇类 .............................................................................................................. 37 (八)、酚类 .............................................................................................................. 37 (九)、醛类 .............................................................................................................. 38 (十)、羧酸 .............................................................................................................. 38 (十一)、糖类 ........................................................................................................... 39 (十二)、油脂 ........................................................................................................... 39 (十三)、氨基酸 ....................................................................................................... 39 四、离子反应方程式 ...................................................................................................... 40
A ............................................................................................................................ 40
Al .................................................................................................................... 40 Ag ................................................................................................................... 41 As.................................................................................................................... 41 B ............................................................................................................................ 42
Ba.................................................................................................................... 42 Br .................................................................................................................... 42 C ............................................................................................................................ 42
C ..................................................................................................................... 42
Ca.................................................................................................................... 43 Cl .................................................................................................................... 43 CN ................................................................................................................... 44 Cr .................................................................................................................... 44 Cu.................................................................................................................... 44 CxHyOz ........................................................................................................... 44 F............................................................................................................................. 45
F2..................................................................................................................... 45 Fe .................................................................................................................... 45 H ............................................................................................................................ 46
H .................................................................................................................... 46 H2O ................................................................................................................. 46 H2O2 ................................................................................................................ 46 H2CO3系列 ...................................................................................................... 47
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方程式素材库 作者：湖南新邵二中 黄美华
H3PO4系列....................................................................................................... 47 H2S系列 .......................................................................................................... 48 H2SO3系列....................................................................................................... 48 I ............................................................................................................................. 48 L ............................................................................................................................ 49 M............................................................................................................................ 49
Mg ................................................................................................................... 49 Mn ................................................................................................................... 49 N ............................................................................................................................ 50
Na.................................................................................................................... 50 NN3系列 .......................................................................................................... 50 NO2、NO3 ...................................................................................................... 50 O ............................................................................................................................ 50 P............................................................................................................................. 51 S............................................................................................................................. 51
S...................................................................................................................... 51 Si..................................................................................................................... 52 Z ............................................................................................................................ 52 五、电极反应方程式 ...................................................................................................... 53
(一)、原电池电极反应方程式 .................................................................................. 53
1．Cu─H2SO4─Zn原电池............................................................................... 53
2．Cu─FeCl3─C原电池.................................................................................. 53 3．钢铁在潮湿的空气中发生吸氧腐蚀 .............................................................. 53 4．氢氧燃料电池（中性介质） ........................................................................ 54 5．氢氧燃料电池（酸性介质） ........................................................................ 54 6．氢氧燃料电池（碱性介质） ........................................................................ 54 7．铅蓄电池（放电） ...................................................................................... 54 8．Al─NaOH─Mg原电池 .............................................................................. 54 9．CH4燃料电池(碱性介质) ............................................................................. 54 10．熔融碳酸盐燃料电池 ................................................................................. 55 11．银锌纽扣电池(碱性介质) ........................................................................... 55 (二)、电解电极反应方程式 ...................................................................................... 55
1．电解CuCl2溶液 .......................................................................................... 55 2．电解精炼铜 ................................................................................................. 55 3．电镀铜 ........................................................................................................ 55 4．电解饱和食盐水 .......................................................................................... 56 5．电解HCl溶液 ............................................................................................. 56 6．电解NaOH溶液 ......................................................................................... 56 7．电解H2SO4溶液.......................................................................................... 56 8．电解KNO3溶液 .......................................................................................... 56 9．电解CuSO4溶液 ......................................................................................... 56 10．电解AgNO3溶液....................................................................................... 57 11．铅蓄电池充电............................................................................................ 57
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