初升高英语衔接学习第1讲
名 词
一、名词的分类：根据用法，名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。
1．可数名词有单、复数形式的区别。需要掌握规则名词的复数形式的构成。
以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数： 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：
以f或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时常去 f , fe 加 ves ，
考点回顾：
hero ________ potato ________ knife __________ story _________ family _______ holiday ________ photo _________ leaf _________
2.名词复数的不规则变化
1）child ______ foot _______ tooth ___________
mouse __________ man _______ policewoman _____________ an Englishman _________________ German ____________ 2）deer ________ sheep _________ fish ______
Chinese ________ one yuan _________ a meter ________ 3）maths _______ physics ________ news ______
4) glass _____________ (一副眼镜) trousers ______________（一条裤子） shoe _______________（一双鞋）
3．不可数名词一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ，若要表示它的个体意义时，一般需要将其量化。
不可数名词如何量化：就是在不可数名词前面加上“数词+量词+of”
最常见的不可数名词有：advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture（家具）, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage（行李）, money, news, progress, traffic 不可数名词量的表示
a glass of water 一杯水 _____________一块蛋糕 ____________ 一张纸 ________________一双短袜 ____________一瓶牛奶 ____________一盒巧克力 ________________一块肥皂 ____________一条情报
4. 另外还有一些名词，即可做不可数名词也可做可数名词，但意思不相同。 单词 work wood Paper Room Time Light 可数名词意思 报纸，试卷 房间 灯 不可数名词意思 工作 木头 纸 时间 单词 German life Orange Glass fish 可数名词意思 德国人 橘子 玻璃杯 不可数名词意思 生活，人生 日语 鱼肉 Chicken 小鸡 Exercise 练习，体操 Japanese 2．）常以复数形式出现并使用的名词：clothes, people, trousers, glasses, scissors, thanks, congratulations, wishes, police, stairs(楼梯), works(著作), woods(森林), times(时代)
3）只有复数形式的名词
trousers裤子，pants裤子，shorts短裤 glasses眼镜，compasses圆规，scales天平，pliers钳子，clips剪子 4）单复数同型的单词
fish鱼，deer鹿，sheep绵羊，works（工厂），means手段，Swiss瑞士人，Chinese中国人，news 新闻，goods 商品
5．修饰可数名词的词有： _________________________________________________ 修饰不可数名词的词有________________________________________________
即可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的词有：some (any), no, a lot of ，_______________________________________________ 二、定语名词的复数 （即名词修饰名词） 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。
_____________运动会 _____________________学生阅览室 2) man, woman, 等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 _______________女老师 __________________ 男警察 3) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。
如：two-dozen eggs 两打/（二十四个鸡蛋） _____________________十里路 ___________________两百棵树 _______________________ 一个五年计划 三、名词的格
1.有生命的人、物及其他名词的所有格在词尾加―‘s‖， 男孩的书包______________ 2.词词尾已有-s ，只加?，
教师节_____________ 双胞胎的父母 ____________________ 3. 时间、距离、地域等名词的所有格形式为-‘s
今天的报纸____________________ 十分钟的路程 _______________________ 4. 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词， 在理发店______________ 去诊所 ______________________ 5. 凡不能加\的名词，都可以用\名词+of +名词\的结构来表示所有关系， 歌的名字 ___________________ 我家的窗户 __________________
6. 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示\分别有\；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。 如：John's and Mary's rooms（两间） John and Mary's room（一间） 7. 双重所有格形式：a novel of Mark Twin‘s a friend of my father‘s / mine
名词练习 ㈠、基本题型
一.写出下列名词的复数形式
1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child
7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman _____________ 20、knife ___________ 22、sheep _________
㈡、选择填空
1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.
A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos 2. This car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has
3. There are four and two in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans 4. That‘s art book. A. an B. a C. the D are 5. The boys have got already.
A. two bread B. two breads
C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 6. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples 7. There some in the river. A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish 8. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches 9. We should clean twice a day.
A .our tooth B. our tooths C. teeth D. our teeth 10.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room.
A. teacher B.teacher‘s C.teachers‘ D.teachers 11. In Britain _____ are all painted red.
A. letter boxes B.letters boxes C. letter box D.letters box 12.There are_____ birds in that big tree.
A. hundreds of B. five hundreds of
C. five hundred of D. hundred of
13.June 1st is ____ Day all over the world. A. Child‘s B. Childs‘ C. Children‘sD. Childrens‘ 14.September 10th is ___ Day in China, isn‘t it?
A. Teacher‘sB. Teachers‘C. TeacherD. Teacher of 15._____ is made of _____.
A. Glass; glassB. A glass; glassC. Glasses; glasses D. A glass; glasses 16.This is _______ news.
A. such a good B. a very good C. so good a D. such good 17.What ______ it is! Let‘s go swimming.
A. a fine weatherB. fine dayC. a fine dayD. bad weather 18.They like Chinese _____.
A. food and peoples B. foods and people C. foods and people D. food and people 19.Lucy and I go to school _____ every day. A. on feetB. on footC. by footsD. by buses
20. –Are those _____? -No, they aren‘t. They‘re _____. A. sheep; cowsB. sheep; cowC. sheeps; cow D. sheeps; cows 21. What are you listening to, Jane? ____ or ____?
A. a music; a newsB. music; newsC. music; newsD. music; a news 22. That bus driver drank two _____.
A. glass of waterB. glasses of watersC. cups of teaD. cup of tea 23. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _______.
A. Bob‘s motherB. Bob‘s mother‘sC. mother of BobD. Bob mother‘s
24. The tall man with a big nose is _______ teacher. A. Tom and CarlB. Tom‘s and Carl‘sC. Tom and Carl‘s 25. There is ______ tree in our school.
A. a 8-metres-tallB. an-8-metre-tallC. an 8 metres tall 26.How many ____ and ____ are there in your class? A. boy student; girl onesB. girls students; boys ones C. boys student; girl oneD. girl students; boy ones 27.A group of ____ are talking with two ___ over there. A. Frenchmen; GermansB. Frenchmen; Germen C. German; FrenchmenD. Germans; Frenchmans
㈢、综合型
1.In ____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A.fewyear B. a few years‘ C. few years D. a few year‘s 2. Did you hear the ______ report?
A. policeB. policemen‘s C. policemans‘D. policemens‘ 3. We bought _____ for my mother‘s birthday.
A. some meatsB. some pieces meatC. a piece of meatD. pieces of meats