毕 业 设 计
题 目
太阳能光伏发电系统的研究
物理电气信息学院 本科毕业设计
摘 要
太阳能作为一种新型的绿色可再生能源，具有储量大、利用经济、清洁环保等优点。因此，太阳能光伏发电技术成为人们普遍关注的焦点，提高系统的整体效率便成为重中之重。
本文主要是针对太阳能光伏发电系统中的最大功率点跟踪(Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT)与并网系统两方面进行研究。首先，概述了国内外太阳能光伏发电的现状和发展前景，以及光伏发电系统的结构组成和分类，使我们对光伏发电系统建立一个总体的认识；其次，对光伏电池及其特性做了简单介绍，分析了太阳能电池板的工作原理，得出了不同环境及不同日照强度下的太阳能电池输出特性曲线图，结果证明了太阳能电池的非线性；再其次，简要的介绍了最大功率点跟踪技术的原理及常规算法，通过MATLAB/Simulink 对MPPT系统进行了建模、仿真，并对其结果进行分析，得出相应结论；最后，对光伏并网系统的原理及控制策略做了一定的介绍，并进行了建模与仿真。
关键词：太阳能光伏发电 蓄电池 MATLAB仿真 最大功率点 并网发电
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物理电气信息学院 本科毕业设计
Abstract
As a new type of green renewable energy, solar energy has advantages of large reserves, using economic, clean environmental protection, etc. Therefore, solar photovoltaic technology becomes the focus of widespread concern. Improving the overall efficiency of the system has become a priority.
This article is mainly on the maximum power point tracking for solar photovoltaic power generation systems and grid system . First of all, this article introduces an overview of the current situation and development prospects of domestic solar photovoltaic power generation , as well as composition and classification of photovoltaic systems , photovoltaic systems enable us to establish a general understanding of photovoltaic power generation system; then, the article tells a simple introduction of photovoltaic cells and its properties, analyses the working principle of solar panels, it is concluded that the different environment and sunshine intensity of the solar cell output characteristic curve, the result proved that the nonlinear solar cells; next followed by a brief introduction to the principles of maximum power point tracking technology and conventional algorithm. Through MATLAB/Simulink , the MPPT system was modeled and simulated,then draw the appropriate conclusions . Finally, it makes an introduction of the principle and control strategy of photovoltaic (pv) grid system, then a modeling and simulation
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物理电气信息学院 本科毕业设计
was carried out.
Key Words：Solar Photovoltaic Storage Battery Matlab Simulation Grid-Connected Maximun Power Point Tracing
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物理电气信息学院 本科毕业设计
目 录
第一章 绪论.................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 课题背景与选题意义......................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 全球能源危机与环境问题.......................................................................... 1 1.1.2 太阳能的开发与利用.................................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究综述................................................................................................. 3 1.2.1 光伏发电的历史.......................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 国内研究综述.............................................................................................. 3 1.2.3 国外研究综述.............................................................................................. 4 1.3 本文主要工作..................................................................................................... 6 第二章 太阳能光伏发电系统概述.............................................................................. 7 2.1 太阳能光伏发电系统的组成............................................................................. 7 2.2 太阳能光伏系统的分类..................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 独立型光伏发电系统.................................................................................. 7 2.2.2 并网型光伏发电系统.................................................................................. 8 2.2.3 混合型光伏发电系统.................................................................................. 8 2.3 太阳能光伏发电系统的应用............................................................................. 9 2.4 光伏发电尚存在的问题..................................................................................... 9 第三章 光伏电池及其特性........................................................................................ 11 3.1 太阳能电池的分类........................................................................................... 11 3.2 太阳能电池的基本工作原理........................................................................... 12 3.3 太阳能电池的等效电路................................................................................... 13 3.4 太阳能电池的I-V特性 ................................................................................... 14 第四章 最大功率点跟踪技术.................................................................................... 17 4.1 MPPT算法的原理 ............................................................................................ 17 4.2 MPPT常规跟踪算法 ........................................................................................ 18 4.2.1 恒定电压法................................................................................................ 18 4.2.2 扰动观察法................................................................................................ 19
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