摘 要
随着计算机硬件的飞速发展，随着计算机向社会的逐步普及，对故障的检查、处理很重要，但平时要注意防范，如定期检测磁盘；尽量不使用外来盘，即使要用，也需先用杀毒盘进行检测，以预防病毒；做好原始数据如CMOS参数、分区表等的备份，这样即使出现硬盘故障，也能迅速加以排除。
在认真学习同机组装与维修课程的基础上，大量阅读了关于计算机硬件故障检测和维修方面的书籍，并通过一些检测与维修方面的实践经验，撰写了本文。本文主要详细介绍了常见硬件（CPU、内存、硬盘、主板、显卡、声卡、光驱、显示器）的故障现象及一般情况下可能的故障分析与处理方法。同时也对微机故障的常用检测方法、注意事项、故障识别与处理步骤等做了介绍。 关键词：硬件故障；检测；解决方法
Abstract
with the rapid development of computer hardware, along with the computer to the society gradually universal, the fault examination, treatment is very important, but it should pay attention to the prevention, such as periodic testing disk; try not to use external disk, even if the use, also need to use anti-virus disk is detected, to prevent virus; do the original data such as CMOS parameters, partition table backup, so even the appearance of hard disk failure, can quickly be eliminated.
After studying the same machine assembly and repair based on a course, reading a lot about computer hardware and software fault detection and repair of the book, and through some detection and repair experience, compose the article. This paper mainly introduces the common hardware (CPU, memory, hard drives, motherboards, graphics cards, sound cards, CD-ROM drive, and display) fault phenomena and in general possible fault analysis and processing method. At the same time on the computer fault common detecting methods, matters needing attention, fault identification and processing steps are introduced. Key words: hardware fault; detection; solving method
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目录
摘 要 ............................................................. 0 Abstract ............................................................ 1 目录 ................................................................ 3 第一章 计算机硬件的基础知识 ........................................ 5 1.1 计算机硬件的组成 .............................................. 5 1.2硬件故障产生的原因 ............................................. 7 1.3本章小结 ....................................................... 7 第二章 硬件常见故障及排除方法 ...................................... 8
2.1 主板常见故障及解决方法 ...................................... 8 2.1.1主板与硬件接触不良导致的故障 ............................... 8 2.1.2主板上各组件损坏导致的故障 ................................. 9 2.2显卡常见故障及排除方法 ........................................ 10 2.2.1显卡花屏故障 .............................................. 10 2.2.2屏蔽集成显卡造成黑屏 ...................................... 11 2.3 CPU常见故障及排除方法 ........................................ 11 2.3.1 CPU散热不足导致的故障 .................................... 12 2.3.2 CPU超频导致的故障 ........................................ 13 2.4 内存常见故障及排除方法 ....................................... 14 2.4.1内存不兼容导致的故障 ...................................... 14 2.4.2运行程序时提示内存不足 .................................... 15 2.5光驱常见故障及排除方法 ........................................ 15 2.5.1安装程序时提示I/O错误 .................................... 16 2.5.2光驱托盘无法弹出 .......................................... 16 2.6显示器常见故障及排除方法 ...................................... 17 2.6.1显示器抖动故障 ............................................ 17 2.6.2 CRT 显示器常见故障 ....................................... 17 2.6.3显示器常见性故障 .......................................... 18 2.7硬盘常见故障及排除方法 ........................................ 19 2.8本章小结 ...................................................... 19 第三章 硬件故障的检测方法 ......................................... 20 3.1检测计算机故障的五种方法 ...................................... 20
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3.2检测硬件应该注意的事项 ........................................ 21 3.3本章小结 ...................................................... 21 第四章 常见计算机硬件故障的识别 ................................... 22 4.1常见硬件故障识别 .............................................. 22 4.2电脑故障的处理步骤 ............................................ 22 4.3 本章小结 ..................................................... 23 第五章 结束语 ..................................................... 24 致 谢 ............................................................. 25 参考文献 ........................................................... 26
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