高考英语复习必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars
单元知识预览 项目 单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备） 1．astronomy n．天文学→astronomer n．天文学家 2．system n．系统；体系；制度 3．theory n．学说；理论→theoretical adj.理论上的 4．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球性的；全世界的 5．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.猛烈地 6．atmosphere n．大气层；气氛 7．unlike prep.不同；不像→dislike vt.不喜欢 8．presence n．出席；到场；存在→present adj. n. v．在场的；目前，现在；出席；颁发，授予 9．harmful adj.有害的；伤害的→harm n．危害，害处→harmless adj.无害的 重点单词 10．exist vi.存在，生存→existence n．存在，生存 11．puzzle n．谜；难题vt. vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzled adj.迷惑的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的 12．gravity n．万有引力；重力 13．satellite n．卫星；人造卫星 14．climate n．气候 15．spaceship n．宇宙飞船 16．pull n. vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 17．float vi. vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n．漂浮物 18．mass n．质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众 1．in time 及时；终于 2．lay eggs 下蛋 重点短语 3．give birth to 产生；分娩 4．in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着
5．prevent...from 阻止；制止 6．block out 挡住(光线) 7．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 8．now that 既然 9．break out 突发；爆发 10．watch out 密切注视；当心；提防 11．cool down 冷却 12．as well as 也；还有…… 13．depend on 依靠；依赖，取决于 14．get close to 靠近 1．This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。 经典句型 2．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth （高考书面表达必备） and fell over. 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。 3．...walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.……既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习 必备语法（高级句型） 晨读范文背诵 背诵这篇范文注意划线部分的用法
今年清明节，为了缅怀先烈，激发学生们的爱国和学习热情，学校组织了学生去烈士陵园扫墓。扫墓活动包括：
1．7：30在学校大门口集合； 2．每人准备一束小白花； 3．清扫烈士墓； 动词时态语态
4．向烈士默哀；
5．缅怀先烈，并在烈士墓前宣誓：努力学习，振兴中华。 请根据汉语提示写一篇英语日记。 注意：1.请使用规范英语，词数100左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯。 参考词汇：烈士martyr；墓地cemetery [必背范文]
Sunday Sunny
On the TombSweeping Day，our school organized an activity where the students went to clean the martyr cemetery in memory of the revolutionary martyrs and it could inspire us to love our motherland and our passion of learning. At 7：30 am，we got together at the school gate and we went there by bus. On arrival at the cemetery，we cleaned the graves and presented the little white flowers to the martyrs. After cleaning we stood silently to remember them and swore that we would never forget our heroes and work hard to make our nation stronger. At last，we took photos together. What a meaningful day we spent!
语言知识精析 重点单词精讲
考点- 1．harmful adj. 有害的，伤害的
【教材原句】What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。 【例句研读】
(1) Fruit juice can ______ __________ ______ children‘s teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。
(2) What he did _________ his reputation. 他所做的损害了他的名声。
(3) He may look fierce, but he _________ ______ ______. 他可能看上去很凶，但并无恶意。
【答案】(1) be harmful to(2) harmed(3) means no harm 【拓展归纳】
harm n．vt. 损伤；伤害 harmless adj. 无害的 harmlessness n. 无害 be harmful to 对……有害 do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害 do more harm than good 弊大于利 There is (no) harm in (sb.‘s) doing sth. (某人)做某事有(无)害处。 It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说) 做某事有(无)害处。 mean no harm 没有恶意 【即时巩固】
根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
(1). Everyone knows that smoking is ______ to your health. 每个人都知道吸烟有害健康。
(2). Reading in the sun does your eyes a lot of ______. 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。
（3）Reading in the sun is very ______ to your eyes. 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。
考点-2 lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产(蛋)
【教材原句】They produced young generally by laying eggs.它们一般通过孵蛋而繁衍后代。 【例句研读】
(1) He ______ his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的肩上。 (2) Who should we ______ the blame on? 我们该责备谁?
(3)He _____ stress on the importance of being on time 他强调准时的重要性。
【答案】(1) laid (2) lay (3)laid 【拓展归纳】 lay eggs 下蛋 lay sth. aside 把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱） lay the blame on sb.责备某人 lay emphasis / stress on sth. 把重点放在某事上 lay sth. down 把某物放下 lay the table 摆桌子 辨析： lie vi.说谎 lied -lied -lying lie vi.位于，躺 lay-lain –lying 【即时巩固】
根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。
1. The bird ______ its eggs in other birds’ nests. 2. He would ______ some money aside for rainy days.
3. The naughty boy _______ (lie) to me that the hen that _______ (lie) there just now had ______ (lay) two eggs the day before.
4.The manager had fallen asleep where he________，without undressing. A．was laying B．was lying C．had laid D．had lied 【答案】1.lays 2.lay 3. lied; lay; laid 4.B
考点-3．exist vi. 存在；生存
【教材原句】They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.
它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。 【例句研读】
(1) Does life ______ on Mars? 火星上有生命吗?
(2) I can hardly ______ ______ the wage I’ m getting. 我靠我挣的工资简直难以餬口。
(3) I doubt the ______ of alien.我怀疑外星人的存在 【答案】(1) exist(2) exist on(3)existence 【拓展归纳】