最近几年，考托福的人大大减少了。
In recent years, the number of people who take the TOEFL test has decreased. 15. 句内重复信息省略
海峡两岸的中国人都是骨肉同胞，手足兄弟。
The Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Straits are of the same blood. 他虽然带着五七分酒意，却装做十分醉的，前颠后仰，东倒西歪。 He was not really drunk, but pretended he was intoxicated and staggered along. 16. 词内重复信息省略
由于各种各样的原因，他们常常感到心情压抑，事业受挫。 They often feel depressed and frustrated for a variety of reasons. 这份杂志内容有趣，文字浅显，立即畅销全国。
The magazine has gained immediate nationwide popularity at once as it is interesting and easy.
17. 代词性替代
这个代价还不只是环境上的。代价还有社会风气的变坏。
The cost is not only environmental, it is also more serious in terms of the decline in public morals.
他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。
He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, and despised it in others. 18. 同义词替代
在科技界，医学界和体育界，同样存在相同的情况。??这种情况相当糟糕。??这种情况一直到九十年代初才有所改变。
A similar story has been told in science, medicine and sports circles … The situation was so grim… It didn’t change much until the early 1990…
这项政策能确保发展中国家不断提高生活水平，确保发达国家的经济持续发展。 The policy will ensure a rising standard of living for the developing countries and sustained economic growth for the developed world.
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19. 概括词替代
由十余位中国和美国教师开设硕士水平的各种课程。美国学生由中国教师负责教学，主要研究中国问题。用汉语上课。
Under them, up to a dozen faculty members of both nationalities will offer a variety of courses at the master’s level. The Americans, studying with Chinese professors, will concentrate on China.
这样我就开始准备写“中国的词”的论文。其实，童年在家里我喜欢读词读赋，但对于词，我并没有好好研究过。
So I began to prepare my dissertation on Chinese Ci, a subject of which I had never made a thorough study though I liked to read this kind of poetry in my childhood. 20. 结构性替代
说到埃及，人们不可能不想到金字塔，同样，说到中国，人们也不可能不想到长城。 One can’t speak of Egypt without thinking of the Pyramids, nor of China without the Great Wall.
说一个人自私自利，不只是因为他只图自己的利益，而是因为他不顾邻人的利益。 A man is called selfish, not for pursuing his own good, but for neglecting his neighbor’s. 21. 修饰语的处理
学校的任务是培养德智体全面发展，能熟练运用外语从事外事和文化交流工作的合格人才。
The university aims to train morally, intellectually and physically developed students with a good command of foreign languages and qualified for foreign affairs and cultural exchange with foreign countries.
他们在这里修建了一座足以通过重型卡车的桥梁。
They built up there a bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries 22. 汉语动词的处理
人际关系就是一种善于听取别人意见，体察别人的需要，虚心接受批评的能力 Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability to be good listener, to be sensitive toward others’ needs, to take criticism well.
这就给几十万在高峰时间乘车上下班的人带来了很大的不便。
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Thus hundreds of thousands of rush hour commuters are greatly affected. 他一张饱经风霜的脸上，双眉紧销，显得心事重重。 There was a troubled frown on his weather-beaten face. 23. 抽象名词的运用
这部短小精焊的书一问世立即受到人们，特别是大学生的青睐，并多次再版。无须解释人们为什么这么喜爱这本书，因为只要稍加浏览，就可以看到书里收集的格言反映了文明社会中对于友谊的看法。
This short work enjoyed an immediate acceptance, especially among college students, and was reprinted many times. Its popularity needs no explanation, for a brief perusal of the questions shows that they embody the notions of civilized friendship.
在经济发展中，我们要控制人口，节约资源，保护环境，并把它们放到重要位置上。 Great importance must be attached to population control, the conservation of resources and environmental protection in economic growth. 24. 换一种说法
土地的紧张迫使人们越来越多地砍去森林，造起住房。
And land hunger is forcing more and more homes to be built on the land once covered with the forests.
这是一出超越民族局限的戏。 The play has universal appeal. 25. 抽象化表达
冬季您若怕冷的话，可以到没有酷暑和严冬的“春城”昆明。
If you dislike the cold in winter, you can visit Kunming, the “Spring City” which is spared temperature extremes.
华侨离乡背井，远居国外。因此他们在感情上越来越向往祖国大陆。
Absence and distance make the overseas Chinese heart increasingly fond of the motherland.
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