摘 要
随着国民经济的发展，人们需要对各中加热炉、热处理炉、反应炉和锅炉中温度进行监测和控制。采用单片机来对他们控制不仅具有控制方便，简单和灵活性大等优点，而且可以大幅度提高被控温度的技术指标，从而能够大大的提高产品的质量和数量。
在日常生活及工业生产过程中，经常要用到温度的检测及控制，温度是生产过程和科学实验中普遍而且重要的物理参数之一。在生产过程中，为了高效地进行生产，必须对它的主要参数，如温度、压力、流量等进行有效的控制。温度控制在生产过程中占有相当大的比例。温度测量是温度控制的基础，技术已经比较成熟。传统的测温元件有热电偶和二电阻。而热电偶和热电阻测出的一般都是电压，再转换成对应的温度，这些方法相对比较复杂，需要比较多的外部硬件支持。我们用一种相对比较简单的方式来测量。
我们采用美国DALLAS半导体公司继DS18B20之后推出的一种改进型智能温度传感器DS18B20作为检测元件，温度范围为-55~125 oC,最高分辨率可达0.0625 oC。DS18B20可以直接读出被侧温度值，而且采用三线制与单片机相连，减少了外部的硬件电路，具有低成本和易使用的特点。
本文介绍一种基于STC89C52单片机的一种温度测量及报警电路,该电路采用DS18B20作为温度监测元件，测量范围0℃-～+100℃，使用LCD模块显示，能通过程序设置温度报警上下限。正文着重给出了软硬件系统的各部分电路，介绍了集成温度传感器DS18B20的原理，STC89C52单片机功能和应用。该电路设计新颖、功能强大、结构简单。
关键词：STC89C52,温度传感器18B20，液晶LCD1602,红外遥控系统，继电器
I
Abstract
Along with the development of national economy, people need to different heating furnace, heat treatment furnace, reactors and boiler temperature monitoring and control. By single chip microcomputer to control not only has to their control convenient, simple and flexible and other advantages, and can greatly increase the temperature of the accused technical indexes, which can greatly improve the quality and quantity of products.
In the daily life and the industrial production process, often should use the inspection and control of temperature, the temperature is the production process and scientific experiments common but also one of the important physical parameter. In the production process, in order to highly efficient production, it needs to the main parameters, such as temperature, pressure, and flow rate of effective control. Temperature control in production process occupies a large proportion. Temperature measurement is the basis for the control of temperature, technology has more mature. The traditional measuring temperature elements have thermocouple and two resistance. And thermocouple and heat resistance of the measure is commonly voltage, again converted into the corresponding temperature, the method is relatively complex, need more of the external hardware support. We use a relatively simple way to measure. We adopt the DALLAS semiconductor company following after DS18B20 launched a improved intelligent temperature sensor DS18B20 as the test components, temperature range for-55 to 125 DHS C, the highest resolution 0.0625 o C. DS18B20 can read out directly north of the temperature, and the use of three wire and single-chip microcomputer is linked together, reduce the external hardware circuit, with low cost and easy to use features.
This paper introduces a STC89C52 based on a single chip microcomputer
II
temperature measurement and alarm circuit, this circuit adopts DS18B20 as temperature monitoring components, measurement range 0 ℃ ~ + 100 ℃-use LCD module shows, by remote control to set temperature alarm upper. The text mainly gives all the parts of the circuit hardware and software system, this paper introduces the principle of integrated temperature sensor DS18B20, STC89C52 SCM functions and application. The circuit design is novel, the powerful, simple structure.
Key words: STC89C52, temperature sensor 18 B20, liquid crystal LCD1602, infrared remote control system，relay
III
目 录
摘 要 ............................................................................................................................. I Abstract ....................................................................................................................... II 引 言 .............................................................................................................................. 1 第一章 系统的总体设计 ............................................................................................ 2
1.1 设计背景 ......................................................................................................... 2 1.2 电路的总体工作原理 ..................................................................................... 2 第2章 方案论证 ........................................................................................................ 5
2.1 题目分析 ......................................................................................................... 5
2.1.1 具体指标 .............................................................................................. 5 2.1.2 具体控制要求 ...................................................................................... 5 2.2 温度传感器的选择 ......................................................................................... 5
2.2.1 采用模拟集成温度传感器 .................................................................. 5 2.2.2 采用数字单片智能温度传感器 .......................................................... 6 2.3 显示器的选择 ................................................................................................. 7
2.3.1 LED显示器 ........................................................................................... 7 2.3.2 LCD液晶屏 ........................................................................................... 7 2.4 单片机的选择 ............................................................................................... 7
2.4.1 采用凌阳单片机 .................................................................................. 7 2.4.2 采用STC89C52单片机 ........................................................................ 8
第三章 系统的硬件设计 .......................................................................................... 10
3.1 单片机最小系统的设计 ............................................................................... 10 3.2 温度传感电路设计 ....................................................................................... 11 3.3 温度控制电路的设计 ................................................................................... 13 3.4 显示电路的设计 ........................................................................................... 13 3.5遥控电路的设计 ............................................................................................ 15 第四章 系统的软件设计 .......................................................................................... 19
4.1 系统的主程序设计 ....................................................................................... 19 4.2 中断程序的设计 ........................................................................................... 19 第五章 系统的控制 .................................................................................................. 22
5.1 温控电路及报警电路的控制 ....................................................................... 22 5.2 LCD显示电路的控制 .................................................................................... 22 5.3 系统设计的主要功能 ................................................................................... 22 第六章 全文总结 ...................................................................................................... 23
6.1 经济效益分析 ............................................................................................... 23 6.2 社会效益分析 ............................................................................................... 23 致 谢 ............................................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。 参考文献 ...................................................................................................................... 25 附录I 元器件清单 ................................................................................................... 27 附录II 程序 ............................................................................................................. 28
IV
引 言
随着科技的不断发展，现代社会对各种信息参数的准确度和精确度的要求都有了几何级的增长，而如何准确而又迅速的获得这些参数就需要受制于现代信息基础的发展水平。在三大信息信息采集(即传感器技术)、信息传输(通信技术)和信息处理(计算机技术)中，传感器属于信息技术的前沿尖端产品，尤其是温度传感器技术，在我国各领域已经引用的非常广泛，可以说是渗透到社会的每一个领域，人民的生活与环境的温度息息相关，在工业生产过程中需要实时测量温度，在农业生产中也离不开温度的测量，因此研究温度的测量方法和装置具有重要的意义。
本次设计实现的功能为：液晶屏上能显示当前时间和温度，如果时间不准确，可以通过遥控上的按键来调时间，1键用来选择，2键用来加时，3键用来减时，4键控制外接插座的的通电与否。按下4键可以在通断之间进行切换，当外界温度高于设定的上限值时，系统会报警，同时给外界插座通电，使外界负载工作，使温度降下来。
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