第二部分写作
第四章应用文写作（小作文）
第二节题 型 分 析(下）
二、备忘录
备忘录是一种正式的专业文件。它结构清晰、阅读方便、传递迅速，经常为公司或团体用于各部门之间传递信息、提醒和督促对方做某事。大多数备忘录的特点是简明扼要，但它们同时也应具备优秀应用文的其他写作原则：面向你的读者，表达清楚且准确。 备忘录通常提出请求或发布人们对某个具体问题的迅速反应。备忘录简洁短小，各部分题目虽然看上去有些唐突，但它们可以使读者对事情有个大致了解并快速做出反应。
备忘录有约定俗成的结构和格式，一般由五个部分组成：To: 收文人From: 发文人Date: 日期Subject: 事由，内容只需要用名词或动名词等少数几个词，甚至一个词做简略陈述。 Message: 正文，直入主题，列出最重要的信息或结论。
备忘录的特点是不拘礼节，重视信息的准确、清楚。交代的事情应该简明扼要，一段话说明一个意思。备忘录一般不用签名，也无需盖章。另外，备忘录中也可以称呼语及结尾敬语。 模板句型
I have the honor to inform you that? 我很荣幸地通知您??
I would like to remind you that our office is in want of a new English typewriter.
我想提醒您一下，我们办公室急需一部英文打字机。
I have several proposals for cutting down the cost. 关于降低成本我有几个建议。
In response to your request for? I have to inform you that we can not approve it.
对于你??的请求，我不得不告诉你我们不能批准。
This is further to your memo dated June 6, 2007, in which you proposed that employees adopt the “punch in” system.
回复你2007年6月6日关于员工实行打卡考勤制度的备忘录。
The board of directors approved your proposal at the meeting last week. 董事会在上周的会议上通过了你的建议。
I believe these changes will decrease the product cost. 我相信这些改革会降低成本的。
Please let me know your response to these suggestions. 我想知道你对于这些建议的看法。
Please feel free to contact me if you need further information. 如果需要更多信息请随时与我联系。
I highly appreciate your considerations to these proposals. 我期待你能考虑一下这些建议。
经典范文
Date: October 15, 2007To: All studentsFrom: Li MingSubject: Journalist Position Available for the Summer SemesterThe student newspaper is currently looking for a journalist for the summer semester. Applicants should currently be studying at the university, and should preferably have at least two years? writing experience.The successful applicant will be expected to write two articles every week on happenings in the city and on campus. The position will commence at the end of May and will last through to the end of August. The salary for the position is negotiable and will be based on experience. If you are interested, please send your resume to the campus newspaper office.
练习
You are organizing an investigation about the decoration of the reading-room. Write a memo to be posted on the bulletin board inviting your fellow students to join. Your memo should ask for suggestions.
参考范文
Date: May 9, 2008 To: all students From: Li Ming, Student Union Subject: Reading room improvements Reading room improvements are now being planned. We are interested in learning your preference for colors to be used in redecorating, furniture and equipment desired. Please take a few minutes to respond to this questionnaire. Please feel free to make additional signed or unsigned comments at the bottom of this memo. Return your completed questionnaire before Friday. 三、摘要
摘要是对原始文件或文章基本要义进行简明重述的文体形式，所用语言文字应尽量简洁。考生不需加入任何主观评论和解释，但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容。要写好一篇文章的概要应考生应具备两种基本能力。首先应具备理解原文，掌握全文中心思想的能力；其次应具有用简练的语言将原文的中心思想表达出来的能力。一般说来，概要的篇幅为原文的1/4至1/5，因此在写摘要时务必注意语言的概括和精练。摘要题型写作是难度非常大的一种写作形式，考生写作时可遵循以下两个步骤：
1? 阅读原文
阅读原文是摘要写作的基础，首先要通读原文，读懂、读通，以获取主旨要义。在阅读过程中必须明确考生的任务是遵循原文概括文章重点，不要主观改变文章逻辑顺序或侧重点也不能包括原文未涉及到的内容。
2? 摘要编写
摘要写作过程中，首先，要明确摘要的长度不应超过原文的三分之一，一般是文章的四分之一或五分之一，考试时应遵守规定的字数限制。其次，一定要用自己的语言来写,切忌直接生搬硬套原文。再次，逻辑顺序应于原文相符，主要内容要完整，使读者读完摘要能清楚了解文章大意。要取得这一完整连贯，就应该使用一些连接词（link?words），如but，and，however，also等连接要点；同样，也可使用诸如since，though，even if，when，after，before等词。最后，对原文材料的处理应做到省略细节，删减事例，简化描述，避免重复。
模板句型
This paper mainly deals with? 这篇论文主要是写??
This article focuses on the topics of (that, having, etc)? 这篇文章的强调的主题是??
This essay presents knowledge that? 这篇短文主要是讲关于??的知识。
This thesis discusses/analyzes? This paper provides an overview of? 这篇文章综述了??
This article compares?and summarizes key findings. 这篇文章比较了??并总结了主要的发现。
This paper presents up-to-date information on? 这篇论文介绍了关于??的最新信息。
This article not only describes?but also suggests? 这篇文章不仅描述了??而且建议??
This paper provides a method of ? 这篇为??提供了方法。
This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze? 这篇文章介绍一种分析??的可行程序。
This paper is devoted to examining the role of? 这篇论文致力于研究??的作用。
This paper reflects the state of the art in? 这篇论文展示了??目前的情况。
This article reviews the techniques used in? 这篇文章综述了??领域采用的技术。
The writer of this essay tries to explore ?本文作者试图探讨??
The aim/purpose/objective of this paper is to determine? 本文的目的/目标是为了决定??
经典范文
Directions： Study the following essay carefully and write a summary in about 80 words. We continue to share with our remotest ancestors
the most tangled and evasive attitudes about death, despite the great distance we have come in understanding some of the profound aspects of biology. We have as much distaste for talking about personal death as for thinking about it; it is an indelicacy, like talking in mixed company about venereal disease or abortion in the old days. Death on a grand scale does not bother us in the same special way： we can sit around a dinner table and discuss war, involving 60 billion volatilized human deaths, as though we were talking about bad weather; we can watch abrupt bloody death every day, in color, on films and television, without blinking back a tear. It is when the numbers of dead are very small, and very close, that we begin to think in scurrying circles. At the very center of the problem is the naked cold deadness of one?s own self, the only reality in nature of which we can have absolute certainty, and it is unmentionable, unthinkable. We may be even less willing to face the issue at first hand than our predecessors because of a secret new hope that maybe it will go away. We like to think, hiding the thought, that with all the marvelous ways in which we seem now to lead nature around by the nose, perhaps we can avoid the central problem if we just become, next year, say, a bit smarter.（246 words）
原文要点
1?continue to have the most confused ideas of death like predecessors2?avoid talking about death3.talk about death when millions of people die4.become confused and anxious when each time the dead people are very few and the death rates are almost equal5.people?s fearfulness6.seem to control nature7.avoid death
参考摘要
People dislike talking about death because they just like their predecessors still have the vaguest ideas of the issue. They talk about death only when million upon millions of people are killed in war. When they find only very few people die each time and the death rates are almost equal, they become very anxious, thinking that next time they themselves will meet their doom. Therefore, they fear very much. However, they have a hope that when they control nature, they can avoid death.（84 words） 练习
Directions: Study the following essay carefully and write a summary in about 80 words. We continue to share with our remotest ancestors the most tangled and evasive attitudes about death, despite the great