Abstract
With the development of modern economy and technology, the electric locomotive has become one of the indispensable tools for people to travel. Traction substation is a place where make the power from power supply system into another power for electric traction.
The design is mainly for the center traction substation electrical system. Determine the capacity, the type and number of units of traction transformers through by load calculated. Identify the main electrical wiring diagram according to the supply, fed capacity and requirement. Calculated the short-circuit current, including the high voltage side of the transmission line short-circuit and short-circuit of transformer at the low voltage side. According to the results of short-circuit to choose and check the main primary equipment. Configure the protection for traction transformer and feeder, analysis the traction substation voltage losses and power losses and the compensation method, design lightning protection and grounding for traction substation.
The design of the high voltage side of the main electric wiring used in the form of single bus segment connection, the traction transformer using a single phase of Vv connection and ran in parallel. Using a method of Parallel capacitor reduces the negative sequence current. Using Auto CAD drawn out the main electrical wiring diagram.
Key words：Main wiring Transformer Vv wiring Protection Short-circuit calculation
目 录
第1章 绪论 ····································································································································· 1 1.1 课题研究的背景 ····················································································································· 1 1.2 电气化铁道的发展现状 ········································································································· 1 1.3 牵引变电所简介 ····················································································································· 1 1.4 本次设计研究的主要内容 ····································································································· 2 第2章 牵引变压器的容量计算和选择 ··························································································· 3 2.1 牵引变压器的容量计算 ········································································································· 3 2.1.1 牵引变压器容量计算的步骤 ··························································································· 3 2.1.2 变压器计算容量和校核容量的计算 ················································································ 3 2.1.3 功率补偿后的计算容量和校核容量 ················································································ 4 2.1.4 中期牵引负荷增长后的计算容量及校核容量 ································································ 5 2.1.5 变压器安装容量的计算 ··································································································· 6 2.2 牵引变压器的选择 ················································································································· 6 2.2.1 牵引变压器备用方式的选择 ··························································································· 6 2.2.2 牵引变压器连接组别的选择 ··························································································· 6 2.2.3 牵引变压器容量、台数和型号的选择 ············································································ 7 2.3 10kV电力变压器的容量计算 ································································································ 8 2.4 电力变压器的选择 ················································································································· 8 第3章 牵引变电所电气主接线设计 ······························································································· 9 3.1 电气主接线的基本要求 ········································································································· 9 3.2 牵引变电所主接线设计 ········································································································10 3.2.1 牵引变电所一次侧主接线 ······························································································10 3.2.2 牵引变电所牵引负荷侧主接线 ······················································································12 3.3 电气主接线的确定 ················································································································14 第4章 短路计算 ····························································································································15 4.1 短路的原因、危害及短路计算的目的 ·················································································15 4.1.1 短路的原因 ·····················································································································15 4.1.2 短路的危害 ·····················································································································15 4.1.3 短路计算的目的 ·············································································································15 4.2 短路计算 ·······························································································································16 4.2.1 短路点的选择 ·················································································································16 4.2.2 220kV侧短路计算 ·········································································································16 4.2.3 27.5kV侧短路计算 ········································································································18 第5章 牵引变电所电气设备的选择 ······························································································23
I
5.1 继电保护的配合时间 ············································································································23 5.2 断路器和隔离开关的选型及校验 ·························································································23 5.2.1 断路器的选型及校验 ·····································································································23 5.2.2 隔离开关的选型及校验 ··································································································25 5.3 电流互感器和电压互感器的选型及校验 ··············································································27 5.3.1 电流互感器的选型及校验 ······························································································27 5.3.2 电压互感器的选型及校验 ······························································································29 5.4 熔断器的选型 ·······················································································································29 5.5 母线的选型及校验 ················································································································30 5.5.1 220kV架空导线的选型及校验 ······················································································31 5.5.2 室外220kV进线侧软母线的选型及校验 ······································································32 5.5.3 室外27.5kV出线的母线选型及校验 ·············································································32 5.5.4 室内27.5kV侧硬母线的选型及校验 ·············································································32 5.6 支柱绝缘子和穿墙套管 ········································································································33 5.6.1 支柱绝缘子的选型及校验 ······························································································33 5.6.2 穿墙套管的选型及校验 ··································································································34 5.7 避雷器的选型 ·······················································································································34 5.7.1 220kV侧避雷器的选型 ··································································································34 5.7.2 27.5kV侧避雷器的选型 ·································································································35 第6章 继电保护的配置与整定计算 ······························································································36 6.1 继电保护的任务和要求 ········································································································36 6.1.1 继电保护的任务 ·············································································································36 6.1.2 继电保护的要求 ·············································································································36 6.2 牵引变压器的保护 ················································································································36 6.2.1 变压器纵差动保护 ·········································································································37 6.2.2 变压器瓦斯保护 ·············································································································39 6.2.3 变压器的后备保护 ·········································································································40 6.3 馈线的保护 ···························································································································41 6.3.1 第Ⅰ段瞬时电流速断保护的整定 ··················································································41 6.3.2 第Ⅱ段带时限电流速断保护的整定 ···············································································42 6.3.3 第Ⅲ段定时限过电流保护的整定 ··················································································42 第7章 馈线的并联无功补偿 ·········································································································43 7.1 并联无功补偿的综合效益 ····································································································43 7.2 降低变电所的电能损失 ········································································································43 7.3 降低牵引负荷谐波影响 ········································································································44 7.4 降低变电所负序电流的影响 ·································································································44 7.5 并联无功补偿的相关设备 ····································································································44 第8章 防雷保护与接地装置 ·········································································································45 8.1 防雷保护 ·······························································································································45
II
8.1.1 直击雷的防护 ·················································································································45 8.1.2 感应雷的防护 ·················································································································46 8.1.3 雷电波侵入的防护 ·········································································································46 8.2 接地装置 ·······························································································································47 8.2.1 接地的有关概念 ·············································································································47 8.2.2 接地装置的设计 ·············································································································47 第9章 结论与展望 ························································································································49 9.1 结论 ·······································································································································49 9.2 展望 ·······································································································································49 参考文献 ···········································································································································50 致谢 ···················································································································································51 附录 ···················································································································································52 附录A 外文资料·························································································································52 附录B 设备汇总表 ·····················································································································69 附录C 主接线图 ·························································································································70
III
石家庄铁道大学四方学院毕业设计
第１章 绪 论
1.1 课题研究的背景
随着国民经济的发展，我国铁路运输正向着电气化的方向迅速发展。改革开放以来，我国电气化铁路建设速度逐年加快，“九五”期间建设电气化铁路4783.77km，而“十五”期间的第一年就修建了3665.4km，建设速度十分惊人。至2002年底，我国已建成41条电气化铁路干(支)线，电气化铁路建设总长达到了18615.73km，居亚洲第一，世界第三位[1]。至2007年底，我国的电气化铁路营业路程已达到24046.6km，占我国铁路总营业路程的37.8%，各大干线都已实现了电气化。预计到2020年我国铁路营业里程将达12万公里以上，其中电气化铁路比重将达到60%，总长7万多公里。根据我国电气化铁路迅速发展的需要，我国应加强牵引变电所的建设。
1.2 电气化铁道的发展现状
我国电气化铁路采用单相工频制供电[2]，目前电力系统通常以110kV或220kV的电压等级为电气化铁道提供高压电源。牵引供电系统主要包括牵引变电所和牵引网两大部分[3]。牵引供电回路是由牵引变电所——馈电线——接触网——电力机车——钢轨——回流线——接地网组成的闭合回路。现阶段我国主要采用传统模式进行设计、建造和管理的变电所自动化程度不高，一般需要有稳定的值班队伍。因此我国建设目标是向无人值守方向发展。
国外电气化的水平要高于我国，在变电所的运行管理模式上已经做到了无人值守。例如我国哈大线铁路电气化改造是系统引进德国设备、材料、技术及项目管理方式的电气化工程，具有技术含量高、设备先进等特点。这些新技术是我国电气化铁路的发展方向，值得学习和借鉴。
1.3 牵引变电所简介
牵引变电所是电力牵引的专用变电所，它的任务是将区域电力系统送来的电能根据电力牵引对电流和电压的不同要求转变为适用于电力牵引的电能。牵引变电所分为中心牵引变电所和中间牵引变电所，其主要电力设备是降压变压器，称主变压器或牵引变压器，并设有备用[4]。
1