本科毕业论文 第2页 共16页
中 文 摘 要
环境是围绕人群的空间及其可以直接或间接影响人类活动和发展的各种各样自然因素和社会因素的总称。环境是人类赖以生存与发展一切因素与自然条件的总和。做好环境保护工作是我们每一个地球人应尽的义务和不可推卸的责任。但是近几十年来，随着时代的发展，科学的进步，人类赖以生存和发展的环境面临日益严峻的污染。大气，水源，土壤等遭到了严重的破坏。环境的污染给生态系统造成直接的破坏和影响，沙漠化，森林破坏则给人类社会造成间接的危害。温室效应，臭氧层破坏给人类生活造成了严重危害，危害人们的生理和身心健康。而环境污染的因素中，“工业三废”造成的破坏是极为严重的。“工业三废”中含有多种有毒、有害物质，若不经妥善处理，超过环境自净能力的容许量，就对环境产生了污染，破坏生态平衡和自然资源，影响工农业生产和人民健康，污染物在环境中发生物理的和化学的变化后就又产生了新的物质。因此，在高速发展的现今，我们既要发展经济也要保护环境，坚决贯彻可持续性发展战略。可持续发展是发展与可持续的统一，两者相辅相成，互为因果。放弃发展，则无可持续可言，只顾发展而不考虑可持续，长远发展将丧失根基。实现可持续发展，使自然资源得到充分的利用，促进经济增长，同时也能更好地保护环境。
关键词 ： 经济 环境保护 可持续发展
2
本科毕业论文 第 3 页 共 15 页
Abstract
The environment is around the population space and can be direct or indirect impacts of human activities and the development of various kinds of natural factor and social factor.Environment is the human survival and development of all the factors and natural conditions the sum of.Do a good job of environmental protection is our earth every obligation and responsibility.But in recent decades,with the development of the times,the progress of science,human survival and development environment is facing increasingly serious pollution.Air,water,soil and other destruction.Environmental pollution to ecological system caused by the direct destruction and the influence,desertification,forest destruction is to the human society causes the indirect harm.The greenhouse effect,damage to the ozone layer to human life caused serious harm,harm people’s physical and mental health.But the environmental pollution factors,”industrial waste”damage is very serious.”Industrial waste”contains many toxic and harmful substances,if not properly treated,exceeding the environmental self-purification ability of tolerance,on the environment pollution,destruction of ecological balance and natural resources,influence of industrial and agricultural production and people’s health,contaminants in the environment of physical and chemical changes after had new material. Therefore, in the rapid development of today, we should not only develop the economy also should protect environment, firmly implement the strategy of sustainable development. Sustainable development is the sustainable development and reunification, the two complement each other, reciprocal causation. Give up, no sustainable development at all, but without considering the sustainable, long-term development will lose the foundation. To achieve sustainable development, natural resources are fully utilized, to promote economic growth, but also can better protect environment.
[Keyword]：Economics，Environmental protection，Sustainable development
3
本科毕业论文 第 4 页 共 15 页
目 录
中 文 摘 要 ····························································································································································· 1 ABSTRACT ····························································································································································· 3 引言 ··········································································································································································· 5 1 工业三废概述 ···················································································································································· 6 1.1工业三废的概念 ····································································································································· 6 1.2工业三废的研究现状 ····························································································································· 6 1.2.1西方发达国家对工业三废的研究 ································································································ 6 1.2.2面对日益严峻的环境问题，国内的基本研究状况 ···································································· 6 2工业三废造成的危害 ··········································································································································· 7 2.1工业废水所致危害 ································································································································· 7 2.1.1对人的健康的危害 ························································································································ 7 2.1.2危害工农业生产 ···························································································································· 7 2.1.3水富营养化的危害 ························································································································ 7 2.2废气对环境及人们生活带来的影响 ····································································································· 8 2.2.1对人体健康的危害 ························································································································ 8 2.2.2对植物的危害 ································································································································ 8 2.2.3对天气和气候的影响 ···················································································································· 9 2.3固体废弃物污染 ····································································································································· 9 2.3.1对大气的污染 ································································································································ 9 2.3.2污染水体资源 ································································································································ 9 2.3.3危害土壤 ······································································································································ 10 2.3.4影响环境卫生，广泛传染疾病 ·································································································· 10 3工业三废产生的原因 ········································································································································· 10 3.1工业废水的产生源 ······························································································································· 10 3.2工业废气主要产生的原因 ··················································································································· 11 3.3固体废弃物是如何产生的 ··················································································································· 11 4改善工业三废的措施及其利用价值 ················································································································ 11 4.1解决三废的措施 ··································································································································· 11 4.1.1对废水采取的解决方法有过滤法、沉淀法、中和法等 ···························································· 11 4.1.2改善废气的方法包括催化氧化法、酸碱中和法等 ·································································· 12 4.1.3处理固体废弃物的方法包括压实、破碎、分选、固化、焚烧、生物处理等 ······················· 12 4.2三废的利用价值 ··································································································································· 13 4.2.1废水综合利用 ······························································································································ 13 4.2.2工业废气净化与利用 ·················································································································· 14 4.2.3固体废气物资源化利用 ·············································································································· 14 5 结束语 ································································································································································· 14 参考文献： ····························································································································································· 15 致谢 ········································································································································ 错误！未定义书签。
4
本科毕业论文 第 5 页 共 15 页
引言
人类一直以为地球上的水、空气是无穷无尽的，所以不担心把千万吨废气送到天空去，又把数以亿吨计的垃圾倒进江河湖海。大家都认为世界这么大，这一点废物算什么？我们错了，其实地球虽大（半径6300多公里），但生物只能在海拔8千米到海底11千米的范围内生活，而占了95%的生物都只能生存在中间约3公里的范围内，人们肆意地来弄污这有限的生活环境。近年来，随着工业经济的增长，在工业“三废”排放量持续增加、环境污染加剧的背景下，工业发展的规模效应扮演着重要角色，尤其对于工业废水和废气来说，规模效应是其排放量增加的最大因素。工业发展的排放强度效应大于规模效应，是导致固体废弃物排放量减少的最主要因素，说明产生固体废弃物工业部门的生产和环境技术水平有很大的提高，在一定程度上也是由于受循环经济理念推动的结果。我们提倡工业循环经济思想，不断提高工业固体废弃物的资源化再利用率，减少污染，走工业可持续发展之路。在未来的发展道路上，我们还面临着一些实实在在的污染问题。譬如，工业三废问题还未根本解决，在发展工业同时该如何注重环保等问题，亟需我们研究解决。
5