What is the Kyoto Protocol? 《京都议定书》
Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. It sets binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to at least 5 percent below 1990 levels by 2008-12. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in Dec. 1997 and entered into force on Feb. 16, 2005. What is the Bali Road Map? “巴厘路线图”
After the 2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference on the island Bali in Indonesia in December, 2007 the participating nations adopted the Bali Road Map as a two-year process to finalizing a binding agreement in 2009 in Copenhagen. The conference encompassed meetings of several bodies, including the 13th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 13) and the 3rd Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol (MOP 3 or CMP
1. How can we students contribute to energy conservation and environmental protection?
a. Turn off the lights when not in use. b. Set the air-conditioner?s heat lower. c. Go out instead of staying at the dorm. d. Plant more trees to absorb carbon dioxide 2. What do you know about “Earth Hour” ?
Earth Hour is a global event organized by WWF （World Wide Fund for Nature, also known as World Wildlife Fund） and is held on the last Saturday of March annually, asking households and businesses to turn off their non-essential lights and other electrical appliances for one hour to raise awareness towards the need to take action on climate change. Text A
Language Points:
1. go beyond — exceed sth
The price went beyond their means.
He had gone beyond his duty in helping his friend get a position.
2. vote: n. formal expression of an opinion or choice, e.g. by ballot or show of hands
There were 16 votes for my suggestion, and 15 against The book had a great impact on its readers.
3.... it became a widespread phenomenon, now spreading globally with a movement
reaching more than 50 million people that participate in more than 35 countries.
在这个句子中，“now spreading globally ...”作伴随状语，“reaching more ... 35 countries”作后置定语。分词作状语的例子还有： The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable 与“carbon”有关的表达有：
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 carbon emission 碳排放量
3.... it is estimated that 80 million people joined the Earth Hour movement in 2009 ... 在这个句子中，“that”后面的成分是主语，“it”是形式主语。“It is estimated ...”翻译为“ 据估计，据判断”。类似的表达还有：It is calculated ..., It is reported ..., It is
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said ...
4. It is estimated that the number of demonstrators is about 5 , 000.
Recent estimates show 1 billion supporters in 4, 100 cities from 87 countries located on seven different continents joined in ...
在这个句子中，“located on seven different continents ”作后置定语修饰“ 87 countries ”.类似结构的句子如下：Who were the so-called guests invited (=Who had been invited) to your party last night?
5. Bowtrol is an all natural herbal colon cleansing treatment that has changed thousands of people?s lives through effective internal cleansing. Bowtrol is also designed for people suffering from colon health. Bowtrol maximizes one?s elimination without causing loose stool or uncomfortable cramping via frequent healthy bowel movements while assisting in cleansing the vital organs and lymphatic system.
6. Provillus is a very popular and natural hair loss product that tackles hair loss by blocking the formation of DHT in the system. After several months of usage DHT levels become sufficiently reduced to minimize the damaging effects on the hair follicle. This results in the stopping of hair loss and subsequent regrowth. Provillus supports this process by providing a number of proven hair friendly nutrients that create an environment conducive to healthy hair growth.
7. blast n. an explosion or a powerful movement of air caused by an explosion; sudden strong gust of air
Several passers-by were killed by the blast
8. abandon: v. go away from (a person or thing or place) , not intending to return; forsake; desert; give up completely (esp. sth. begun)
The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side 9. CRT
The Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing an electron gun (a source of electrons) and a fluorescent screen, with internal or external means to accelerate and deflect the electron beam, used to create images in the form of light emitted from the fluorescent screen. The image may represent electrical waveforms (oscilloscope), pictures (television, computer monitor), radar targets and others. 10. I guess they do it for security, but there?s got to be a better solution.
I suppose they do it for safety, but they have to think of a better way to solve this problem.
11. solution：n. a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem；
the successful action of solving a problem
12. In the summer we open the window more and don?t run our air-conditioner We open the window more and don?t run our air-conditioner as much as before. Discussion: The topic for our discussion today is “Environment and Economy”. A. Brainstorm and list words and expressions related to the topic.
contaminate, conserve, preserve, dump, recycle, dispose of, burn, bury, erode, worsen, deteriorate fossil fuel, coal, oil, natural gas, clean energy, electricity, nuclear energy rubbish, trash, waste, litter, landfill, throwaway, disposable, pollutant, plastic bags, drinking cans, biodegradable packaging, carbon emission, acid rain, greenhouse effect, global warming, ecological system=ecosystem, green belt,
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sand storm, Earth Hour, car-free day, World Environment Day, International Biodiversity Day, World Water Day , World Meteorological Day, World Oceans Day B. We all know the world has its problems, particularly where the environment is concerned. Now can you list ten environmental problems you know? And of the ten problems, which ones do you think are more urgent in China?
acid deposition, air pollution, climate change, habitat and biodiversity loss, desertification and erosion, water pollution, global warming and the greenhouse effect, heavy metals, ozone toxicology, population growth of the ten problems, habitat and biodiversity loss, air pollution, water pollution and desertification and erosion are the most serious problems in China. C. Free Discussion
Now let?s have a debate on the question:“Is the economic development of developing countries more important than the environmental protection?”
Hint: This can also be seen as developed countries vs. developing ones. Industrial countries have depended upon polluting industries for their wealth. Now they fear that uncontrolled economic development in the developing countries will lead to environmental disaster. Developing countries point out that they must make industrialization and economic development a priority because they have to support their growing populations. Developing countries must address current problems; they cannot afford to worry about the distant future. The Significance of Being Environmentally Friendly
In recent years, our society has witnessed people?s growing awareness of protecting the Earth. From the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 to the Earth Hour, human being has made huge progress in realizing that the Earth and people are closely connected with each other to coexist.
It cannot be denied that our Earth is suffering from heartbreaking deterioration. Last year she has lost 50, 000 acres of forest and expanded its population by 211, 000 people; next year, 20 to 500 plant and animal species will disappear from the planet at the current rate, let alone the deforestation of the rain forests, the pollution of the environment. It was once widely believed that human activities could make the Earth a better place for people to live. However, in the long term of view, human activities have also brought us endless pain because of our ignorance of the environmental protection, which has been vividly depicted in many movies concerning this issue. Human beings should raise their walk or ride bikes. Remember to unplug electronics when they are not in use. Little things like turning off faucet when brushing teeth and wearing sweater to save heat can also make big differences. Our Earth is such an amazing place that we all should make contributions to make her more beautiful than ever.
Practical Writing
You are required to write a poster based on the followings: Under the auspices（主办） of the Student Union of our university, a friendly football match will be held between the team of Faculty of Foreign Languages and the team of Chemical Engineering College on our football field at 5: 00 p.m. on Saturday, Oct. 21st. Poster
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Football Match
Faculty of Foreign Language vs. Chemical Engineering College Time: 5:00 p.m., Saturday, October 21st Place: Football Field
Student Union
October 15 Grammar: 虚拟语气（2） 用在wish后的宾语从句
A. 表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式。如:
I wish I had your brains.
我希望我有你那样的头脑。
B. 表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词形式:had+done。如:
I wish I had known the truth of the matter.
我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。
C. 表示将来难以实现的愿望,谓语动词形式:should/would + 动词原形。 如:
I wish I should have a chance again.
我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。 用在目的状语从句中
A. 在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中,若用虚拟语气时, 从句谓语 为:should + do,并且should不能省略,如:
She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。 He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他早早的就出发了以防迟到。
B. 在so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中,从句中的谓语为： can/could/may/might/will/would/should + do。
如: He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。
He read the letter carefully in order that he would not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。 其他用法
A. 含有desire, prefer, order, command, advice, suggest, propose, demand,
require, request, ask, insist等词的句子中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:“should+ do”, should可以省略。
B. 表情绪、观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气,如：necessary, important, impossible, natural, strange, surprising, funny, right, wrong, better, a pity等。 C. 在even if, even though所引导的让步状语从句中,可用虚拟语气, 主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同，如:
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来）
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。（事实：华佗不在世）
D. 一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与
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客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。如： I?d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。 I?d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。
E. 虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”。这时定语从
句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is（high/about） time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + do，即从句用虚拟过去式。 如:
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.
我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。 F. 省略的虚拟条件句型
非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下
文中或以其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如 without ..., but for ...等。如：
But for his help, we would be working now.
要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.
要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。 Exercises:
1. I?d rather you ___ C_ make any comment on the issue for the time being. A. don?t B. wouldn?t
C. didn?t D. shouldn?t
2. Jack wishes that he _ A ___ business instead of history when he was in university.
A. had studied B. study
C. studied D. had been studying 3. Had he worked harder, he __ B__ the exams.
A. must have got through B. would have got through C. will get through D. can get through 4. I don?t think it advisable that Tom __ C__ to the job since he has no experience.
A. is assigned B. will be assigned C. be assigned D. has been assigned
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