毕业设计报告（论文）
(2013届)
题目：ASME磁粉检测通用工艺规程的编制 所属系：机械工程技术系 班级：无损检测1021 学生姓名： 学号： 同组成员： 指导教师：
2013届毕业设计（论文）
摘要磁粉检测是将钢铁等铁磁性材料制作的工件予以磁化，利用其缺陷部位能吸附磁粉的特征，依磁粉分布显示被探测物体表面缺陷和近表面缺陷的探伤方法，缩写为MT。
铁磁材料工件被磁化后，由于不连续性的存在，使工件表面和近表面的磁感应线发生局部畸变而产生漏磁场，吸附施加在工件表面的磁粉，在合适的光照下形成目视可见的磁痕，从而显示出不连续性的位置、大小、形状和严重程度。磁粉检测的质量控制，是建立在对影响磁粉检测灵敏度和检测可靠性的诸因素逐个地加以控制基础之上的。磁粉检测的能力，取决于施加磁场的大小和缺陷的延伸方向，还与缺陷的位置、大小和形状等因素有关。工件磁化时，当磁场方向与缺陷延伸方向垂直时，缺陷处的漏磁场最大检测灵敏度最高；当磁场方向与缺陷延伸方向夹角为45度时，缺陷可以显示，但灵敏度降低；当磁场方向与缺陷延伸方向平行时，不产生磁痕显示，发现不了缺陷。
磁粉检测工艺，是指包含磁粉检测的预处理、磁化（选择磁化方法和磁化规范）、施加磁粉或磁悬液、磁痕的观察与记录、缺陷评级、退磁和后处理七个程序的全过程。磁粉检测的时机应根据不同的材料工件而定。磁化、施加磁粉或磁悬液的方法有连续法、剩磁法、干法。特种设备磁粉检测通用工艺规程至少应包括以下内容：适用范围；引用标准法规；检测人员资格；检测设备、器材和材料；检测表面制备；检测时机；检测工艺和检测技术；检测结果的评定和质量等级的分类；检测记录、报告和资料存档；编制（级别）、审核（级别）和批准人；制定日期。
关键词磁粉检测设备器材工艺规程
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2013届毕业设计（论文）
AbstractMagnetic particle testing is made of ferromagnetic materials such as steel shall be workpiece magnetized and use the defective parts can absorb the characteristics of magnetic powder, magnetic powder distribution according to show is to detect the object surface defects and near surface defects detection method, abbreviation for MT.
The ferromagnetic materials' workpiece magnetized by the existence of continuity, to make the work surface and near surface of magnetic induction line to occur from local distortion leakage magnetic field, on the surface of the adsorption of magnetic powder, in the right light visual visible magnetic image formation, which shows the location of the continuity not size and shape and severity. The magnetic powder detection quality control, is based on magnetic powder detection sensitivity and influence the inspection reliability of the categories to try to control foundation. Magnetic particle testing ability, depends on the size of the magnetic field on the extension direction and defects, and the position of the defects related to such factors as the size and shape. The workpiece magnetized, when magnetic field with the direction of the defect extension direction perpendicular, defect magnetic leakage field detection sensitivity of the biggest supreme; When magnetic field with the direction of the defect extension direction Angle of 45 degrees, defects can display, but lower sensitivity; When magnetic field with the direction of the defect extension direction parallel, do not produce magnetic image display, not find defects.
The magnetic powder detection technology, it is to point to include magnetic particle testing preprocessing magnetized (choose magnetization method and magnetized standard) on the magnetic powder or suspension of magnetic image observing and recording defects rating demagnetization and post-processing seven the whole process of the program. The timing of the magnetic particle testing should be based on the different material and decide on the workpiece magnetized magnetic powder or suspension method have continuous method of residual magnetism dry special
equipment magnetic particle testing universal process planning should include at least the following content； the applicable scope; Reference standard rules and regulations. Testing personnel
qualification; Detection equipment and materials; Test surface preparation; Testing time; Detection technology and detection technology; The results of detection levels of quality evaluation and classification; The record of inspection reports and data archive; Prepare (level) audits (level) and approval; Date set.
Key wordsmagnetic particle testing equipment technological procedure
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2013届毕业设计（论文）
目录
第一章概述 ......................................................... 1
1.1磁粉检测的发展简史和现状 .................................... 1
1.1.1磁粉检测的发展简史 .......................................... 1 1.1.2磁粉检测的现状 .............................................. 1 1.1.3设备、器材、配套检测仪器的发展 ............................ 2 1.1.4压力容器磁粉检测应用现状及特点 ............................ 3 1.2磁粉检测 .................................................... 3
1.2.1磁粉检测原理 ................................................. 3 1.2.2磁粉检测使用范围 ............................................ 4 1.2.3磁粉检测程序 ................................................. 4 1.2.4磁粉检测的优点及局限性 ..................................... 4 1.3表面无损检测方法的比较 ...................................... 5 第二章编制说明 ..................................................... 6
2.1磁粉检测设备 ................................................ 6
2.1.1磁粉检测主要设备器材现状和发展 ............................ 6 2.1.2磁化技术的发展 .............................................. 6 2.1.3磁粉探伤器材的发展 .......................................... 6 2.1.4磁粉检测设备的分类 .......................................... 7
2.1.5固定式磁粉探伤机 ............................................ 7 2.1.6移动式磁粉探伤机 ............................................ 7 2.1.7便携式磁粉探伤仪 ............................................ 7 2.1.8固定式探伤机的组成 .......................................... 8 2.1.9磁粉检测辅助器材 ............................................ 8 2.2磁粉检测器材 ................................................ 9
2.2.1磁粉 .......................................................... 9 2.2.2载液和磁悬液 ................................................ 10 2.2.3反差增强剂 .................................................. 10 2.2.4标准试片 .................................................... 11 2.2.5标准试块 .................................................... 12 2.2.6检测方法 .................................................... 12 2.2.7压力容器磁粉检测主要检测工艺 ............................. 13 2.3磁化电流和磁化方法 ......................................... 13
2.3.1磁化电流 .................................................... 13 2.3.2.磁化方法 .................................................... 15 2.3.3压力容器磁粉检测方法....................................... 17 2.3.4压力容器磁粉检测的主要磁化方法和磁化规范 ................ 18
第三章磁粉检测工艺规程 ............................................ 20
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2013届毕业设计（论文）
3.1磁粉检测的要技术文件 ....................................... 20 3.1.1磁粉检测的委托书和产品验收的技术要求 .................... 20
3.1.2磁粉检测工艺规程 ........................................... 20 3.1.3检测记录和结论报告 ......................................... 20 3.2规程的编制 ................................................. 20
3.2.1检测规程与检测工艺卡....................................... 20 3.2.2检测规程的编制 ............................................. 21 3.3按ASME编制的磁粉通用工艺规程 .............................. 21 第四章课题结论、问题与建议 ........................................ 28
4.1课题结论 ................................................... 28 4.2问题 ....................................................... 28 4.3对磁粉检测的建议 ........................................... 28 参考文献 .......................................................... 29 致谢 .............................................................. 30
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