at them and saying, \out, whereas the English language teachers I saw, who were older people I thought, well, they seemed quite nice. And I wouldn't mind being like that myself.
Task 8
【答案】
The interview with Michale: Does he work? Why or why not? No. The work he used to do was not what interested him and what he likes to do cannot earn him enough money to support himself. What are the advantages of not having to work? 1) You do not have to get up it you don’t feel like it. 2) You can spend your time on the things you want to do. Why does he feel justified in not working? He believes he does things which are enjoyable for him and useful to people and the community. The interview with Chris: What is the value of work in the current Very little value other than supporting oneself society? and ones family. What are the two main aspects of work? 1) It is a bread-winning process. 2) The activities in it can be valuable to society. What does he think of the work of a car factory He thinks it harmful to both the environment worker? and the society, for cars add to pollution and consume the scarce resources. What does he think of the work of a doctor? What kind of job does he do? He thinks it a valuable job in any society. He is perhaps a university teacher. What does he think of his work? He regarded his job a “white collar” job, which he does with his mind and receives mental satisfaction from it. 【原文】 Matthew: Michael, do you go out to work?
Michael: Not regularly, no. I... I used to; I used to have a job in a publishing company, but I
decided it wasn't really what I wanted to do and that what I wanted to do wouldn't earn me
much money, so I gave up working and luckily I had a private income from my family to support me and now I do the things I want to do. Some of them get paid like lecturing and teaching, and others don't.
Matthew: What are the advantages of not having to go to work from nine till five?
Michael: Ah... there' re two advantages really. One is that if you feel tired you don't have to get
up, and the other is that you can spend your time doing things you want to do rather than being forced to do the same thing all the time.
Matthew: But surely that's in a sense very self-indulgent and very lucky because most of us
have to go out and earn our livings. Do you feel justified in having this privileged
position?
Michael: Yes, because I think I use it well. I do things which I think are useful to people and the
community and which I enjoy doing.
Matthew: Chris, what do you think the value of work is?
Chris: Well, I think in our present-day society, for most people, work has very little value at all.
Most of us go out to work for about eight to nine hours of our working day. We do things which are either totally futile and totally useless or have very little justification whatsoever, and for most of us the only reason for working is that we need to keep ourselves alive, to pay for somewhere to live, to pay to feed our children.
Matthew: But surely people wouldn't know what to do if they didn't have to go to work?
Chris: Well, again this raises the sort of two main aspects of work. Should we think of 'work
only as a sort of bread-winning process, and this is very much the role it has in current society, or should we take a much wider perspective on work and think of all the possible sort of activities that human beings could be doing during the day? I think the sort of distinction currently is between say, someone who works in a car factory and who produces cars which are just adding to pollution, to over-consumption of vital resources, who is doing something which is very harmful, both to our environment and to, probably society, to contrast his work with someone perhaps like a doctor, who I think in any society could be justified as doing a very valuable job and one which incidentally is satisfying to the person who is doing it.
Matthew: What do you do? Is your job just a breadwinning process or do you get some
satisfaction out of doing it?
Chris: Well, in the job I do find that most of the satisfaction is a mental one; it's coming to grips
with the problems of my subject and with the problems of teaching in the University. Clearly this is the type of satisfaction that most people doing what we call in England \jobs. This is quite different from the sort of craftsman, who is either working that his hands or with his skills on a machine, or from people perhaps who are using artistic skills, which are of a quite different character. Certainly it's becoming a phenomena that people who do \jobs during the day, who work with their minds to some extent, people who work on computers, people who are office clerks, bank employees, these people have fairly soul-destroying jobs which nevertheless don't involve much physical effort, that they tend to come home and do \activities at home. They make cupboard, paint their houses, repair their cars, which somehow provide the sort of physical job satisfaction that they're denied in their working day.
Task 9
【答案】 A. Interviewees Men Women Men/Women 18-24 Men/Women 25-29 Men/Women 30-39 Like their jobs Dislike their jobs Like jobs in part (percent) (percent) (percent) 91 84 70 88 92 5 12 20 9 8 4 4 6 3 0 White-collar workers 87 Blue-collar workers 91 8 5 4 3 B.
1) No major change. For some→“less paperwork” Some:→less working hours Others:→earn more money.
2) Most adults→would go on working.
Esp. young adults (18 to 24)→9 out of 10 would go on working 【原文】
Are most workers today feeling bored and dissatisfied with their jobs? It is often claimed that they are. Yet a study conducted by Parade magazine more than 20 years ago showed that people at that time felt the opposite.
Parade asked questions of a representative sampling of adult Americans from coast to coast. The sampling included different sexes, age groups, and occupations.
The interviewees were asked to make a choice from one of the following three to describe their feelings towards their work. A. Like their jobs. B. Dislike their jobs. C. Like their jobs in part,
Results showed that 91 percent of the male interviewees and 84 percent of the females chose A, while only 5 percent men and 12 percent women interviewed chose B. The rest said that they liked their jobs in part and they comprised a very tow percentage.
In all the three age groups — from 18 to 24, from 25 to 29 and 30 to 39 — those who liked their
jobs made up the majority. 70 percent, 88 percent and 92 percent respectively choose A. Those choosing B accounted for 20 percent, 9 percent and 8 percent of different age groups. And the rest, 6 percent, 3 percent and 0 percent respectively claimed that they only liked their jobs in part.
The difference in responses among people with different occupations is small. Among the white-collar employees, those choosing A, B and C are 87 percent, 8 percent and 4 percent of the total. And for the blue-collar employees, 91 percent, 5 percent and 3 percent choose A, B and C respectively.
It is interesting to note that there are few differences in attitude between men and women, professionals and factory workers. In each group, the largest number reported that they liked their jobs.
Next, Parade asked, \it be?\this reply. No major changes were reported. Some wished for \paperwork\many would shorten their working hours, but others would like more hours in order to earn more money. No serious complaints were made.
Most people have to work in order to live. But what would happen if someone had enough money to stop working? Parade asked, \you inherited a million dollars, would you go on working — either at your present job or something you liked better--or would you quit work?\The answers showed that most adults would prefer to work, even if they didn't have to. This is true
especially of the younger adults aged 18-24. Of these, nine out often said they would go on working, even if they suddenly became millionaires.
Task 10
【答案】 A. Intelligence Interests Career inclination According to Mother to Cathy very bright music and dancing teacher or vet reasonably intelligent tennis and swimming, talking to people hairdresser According B.
1) F 2) T C.
1) b 2) a D.
1. She really enjoyed meeting new people.
2. She had good qualifications in English and Maths.
3. She did not mind hard work, even if it was not always pleasant. 4. She liked living away form home. 【原文】
Officer: Come in, please take a seat. I'm the careers officer. You're Cathy, aren't you? Mother: That's right. This is Catherine Hunt, and I'm her mother. Officer: How do you do, Mrs. Hunt? Hello, Catherine. Cathy: Hello. Pleased to meet you.
Officer: And you'd like some advice about choosing a career?- Mother: Yes, she would. Wouldn't you, Catherine? Cathy: Yes, please.
Officer: Well, just let me ask a few questions to begin with. How old are you, Catherine? Mother: She's nineteen. Well, she's almost nineteen. Officer: And what qualifications have you got?
Mother: Well, qualifications from school, of course. Very good results she got. And she got certificates for ballet and for playing the piano.
Officer: Is that what you're interested in, Catherine, dancing and music? Cathy: Well...
Mother: Ever since she was a little girl, she's been very keen on music and dancing. She ought to
be a music teacher or something. She's quite willing to train for a few more years to get the right job, aren't you, Catherine?
Cathy: Well, if it's a good idea.
Mother: There you are, you see. She's a good girl really, a bit lazy and disorganized sometimes,
but she's very bright. I'm sure the careers officer will have lots of jobs for you.
Officer: Well, I'm afraid it's not as easy as that. There are many young people these days who can't
find the job they want.
Mother: I told you, Catherine. I told you, you shouldn't wear that dress. You have to look smart to
get a job these days.
Officer: I think she looks very nice. Mrs. Hunt, will you come into the other office for a moment
and look at some of the information we have there. I'm sure you'd like to see how we can help young people.
Mother: Yes, I'd love to. Mind you, I think Catherine would be a nice teacher. She could work with
young children. She'd like that. Or she could be a vet. She's always looking after sick animals.
Officer: I'm afraid there's a lot of competition. You need very good results to be a vet. This way,
Mrs. Hunt. Just wait a minute, Catherine. (The mother exits.)
Officer: There are just one or two more things, Catherine. Cathy: Do call me Cathy.
Officer: OK, Cathy. Are you really interested in being a vet?
Cathy: Not really. Anyway, I'm not bright enough. I'm reasonably intelligent, but I'm not brilliant.
I'm afraid my mother is a bit over-optimistic.
Officer: Yes, I guessed that. She's a bit overpowering, isn't she, your mum? Cathy: A bit. But she's very kind.
Officer: I'm sure she is. So, you're interested in ballet and music, are you?
Cathy: Not really. My mother sent me to lessons when I was six, so I'm quite good, I suppose. But
I don't think I want to do that for the rest of my life, especially music. It's so lonely. Officer: What do you enjoy doing?
Cathy: Well, I like playing tennis, and swimming. Oh, I went to France with the school choir last
year. I really enjoyed that. And I like talking to people. But I suppose you mean real interests — things that would help me to get a job?
Officer: No. I'm more interested in what you really want to do. You like talking to people, do you? Cathy: Oh yes, I really enjoy meeting new people. Officer: Do you think you would enjoy teaching?
Cathy: No, no, I don't really. I was never very interested in school work, and I'd like to do
something different. Anyway, there's a teacher training college very near us. It would be just like going to school again.
Officer: So you don't want to go on training?
Cathy: Oh, I wouldn't mind at all, not for something useful. I wondered about being a hairdresser
— you meet lots of people, and you learn to do something properly—but I don't know. It doesn't seem very worthwhile. Officer: What about nursing?
Cathy: Nursing? In a hospital? Oh, I couldn't do that, I'm not good enough.
Officer: Yes, you are. You've got good qualifications in English and Maths. But it is very hard
work.
Cathy: Oh, I don't mind that.
Officer: And it's not very pleasant sometimes.
Cathy: That doesn't worry me either. Mum's right. I do look after sick animals. I looked after our
dog when it was run over by a car. My mother was sick, but I didn't mind. I was too worried about the dog. Do you really think I could be a nurse?
Officer: I think you could be a very good nurse. You'd have to leave home, of course.
Cathy: I rather think I should enjoy that.
Officer: Well, don't decide all at once. Here's some information about one or two other things
which might suit you. Have a look through it before you make up your mind.
Task 11
【原文】
I began my career during college, reporting on news stories at a Toronto radio station. The station’s program manager was also a professor who taught one of my classes. I convinced him that she needed a youth reporter because that year was International Youth Year. After graduation, I took a job as a television news reporter and later, news anchor. But sports reporting was something different, so I decided to try it. Figure skating was my first assignment.
I had two months until my new job began. It was like waiting an entire summer for school to start. I spent those two months talking to figure skating coaches and judges. I read boring rule books. I drove to the rinks where the skaters trained, and made notes about our conversations. I even took a lesson, which made some of the skaters laugh.