题 目 自走式小型大豆播种机排种器的结构设计
学 院 机电工程学院 专业班级 农业机械化及其自动化07级2班
学生姓名 xxx 指导教师 xx
撰写日期：2011年 4 月 26 日
摘 要
近年来，随着科学技术的发展，农业机械得到了迅猛的发展，传统的农业生产有了巨大的改变。而作为农业生产中一个重要的环节——播种，同样发生了翻天覆地的变化，各
种各样的播种 ，而且极大地提高了播种的效率和质量。
本设计是针对大豆播种而设计的精密穴播机械，但是同样可以应用在玉米和其他豆类作物的播种上。该机器采用汽油机为动力源，大大提高了整机的工作稳定性，利用行走轮带动播种轮播种，克服缺苗断垄现象。一次播两行，适合于小块田地播种，具有灵活，轻便，省时省力的优点。由它主要有牵引机构，机架，传动机构，排种机构，排肥机构，以及开沟、覆土、镇压机构等组成，其中排种和排肥机构是该机械的关键部件。
本人主要负责排种机构的设计，采用的是立式圆盘排种器，它主要由排种圆盘、圆盘外壳、排种轴、以及轴承、链轮等零件组成。通过这次设计，我不仅熟练地掌握了solidworks的应用，而且提高了自己设计创新的能力。
关键词：播种机；圆盘排种器；种箱；排种轴
Abstract
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, agriculture machinery has developed rapidly, the traditional agricultural production has a huge change. But as agricultural production in an important link -- sow, also has undergone
earth-shaking changes, various planting, and greatly improve the efficiency and quality of sowing.
This design is designed for soybeans planting machinery, but the precision can also be used in corn and other legumes seeding. This machine adopts the gasoline engine to power sources, greatly improving the machine's working stability, driven by sowing round wheel sowing. Once two lines, suitable for broadcast sowing, small field with flexible, lightweight, the advantages of save Labour. By its main have traction institutions, rack, transmission mechanism, the agency, row fat institutions, as well as open ditch, cover earth, suppress mechanism etc, including the metering and row fat agency is the mechanical key parts.
I mainly responsible for the design of organization, the disc is vertical metering device, it mainly consists of the disc, disc shell, the shaft, and bearing, wheel etc parts. This design, I not only had mastered solidworks applications, and improve the ability of innovation design.
Keywords: solidworks；seeder; Disc metering device; Kind of box; Row shaft
目
录
1引言 .................................................................................................................................... 1 2播种机概述 ........................................................................................................................ 1
2.1播种机的发展历史 ......................................................................................................... 1 2.2播种机的基本结构 ......................................................................................................... 1 2.3播种机的分类 ................................................................................................................. 2 2.3.1撒播机 .......................................................................................................................... 2 2.3.2条播机 .......................................................................................................................... 2 2.3.3穴播机 .......................................................................................................................... 2 2.3.4精密播种机 .................................................................................................................. 3 2.3.5联合作业机和免耕播种机 .......................................................................................... 3 2.4播种机的发展现状 ......................................................................................................... 3 2.4.1国内外播种机的发展现状 .......................................................................................... 3 2.4.2国内播种机存在的问题 .............................................................................................. 4 2.5播种机的发展趋势 ......................................................................................................... 4 2.5.1发展联合作业的直接播种 .......................................................................................... 4 2.5.2播种机的通用性和适应性不断提高 .......................................................................... 5 2.5.3播种机向高速宽幅发展 .............................................................................................. 5 2.5.4进一步推广精密播种 .................................................................................................. 5 2.5.5广泛采用新原理新技术 .............................................................................................. 6 3排种器的设计 .................................................................................................................... 6 3.1排种器的技术要求 ......................................................................................................... 6 3.2排种器的分类 ................................................................................................................. 6 3.2.1外槽轮式排种器 .......................................................................................................... 6 3.2.2内槽轮式排种器 .......................................................................................................... 6 3.2.3离心式排种器 .............................................................................................................. 7 3.2.4绞盘式排种器 .............................................................................................................. 7 3.2.5窝眼轮式排种器 .......................................................................................................... 7 3.2.6水平圆盘式排种器 ...................................................................................................... 7 3.2.7气吸式排种器 .............................................................................................................. 8 3.2.8气吹式排种器 .............................................................................................................. 8 3.3立式圆盘排种器 ............................................................................................................. 8 3.3.1立式圆盘排种器的简图及其工作原理 ...................................................................... 8
3.3.2立式圆盘排种器的结构设计 ...................................................................................... 9 3.3.3立式圆盘排种器的特点 ............................................................................................ 14 4影响排种器排种的因素 .................................................................................................. 15 4.1 条播排种器的排种均匀性 ........................................................................................ 15 4.1.1.外槽轮排种器 ............................................................................................................ 15 4.1.2纹盘式排种器 ............................................................................................................ 16 4.1.3锥面型孔盘式排种器 ................................................................................................ 16 4.2 点（穴）播型孔式排种器的充种能力 ...................................................................... 16 4.2.1 4.2.2
型孔的形状和尺寸对充种性能的影响 ............................................................... 16 气吸式排种器的吸附能力 ................................................................................... 16
4.3 清种方式 ...................................................................................................................... 16 4.4 排种器的同步传动 ...................................................................................................... 17 4.5 投种高度与投种速度 .................................................................................................. 17 5 结语 ................................................................................................................................. 18 参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………..19 致谢………………………………………………………………………………………..20 附录一：自走式小型大豆播种机的整体装备图.......…………………………………..21