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以下为我们所学课程需课后巩固的练习。请通知自己所在班级全体同学各章节结束后及时完成，若有问题及时收集以便交流和掌握。该练习上交至少五个章节。本次上交第一章练习。其它待定。
马老师 2014年3月6日
Required Exercises for Modern Linguistics
Chapter I Introduction
I. Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the best answer and fill in the blank in each item below. 1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human_______. A. contact B. communication C. relation D. community 2. Language is _________.
A. instinctive B. non-instinctive
C. natural D. genetically transmitted
3. A linguist regards the change in language and language in use as ________. A. unnatural B. something to be feared C. natural D. abnormal 4. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? A. Tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang
5. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade” is _________. A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative
6. ________is a grammatical description of a language specially designed as an aid to teaching
that language to native or foreign learners.
A. Descriptive linguistics B. Prescriptive linguistics C. Applied linguistics D. Theoretical linguistics
6. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an (every year be safe and happy) as a means of controlling the forces which the believers feeling might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform? A. interpersonal B. emotive
C. performative D. recreational
7. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speaker of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?
A. Transferability B. Duality
C. Displacement D.Arbitrariness
8. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of
language?
——A nice day, isn’t it?
——Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.
A. Emotive B. Phatic
C. Performative D. Interpersonal
9. Which branch of linguistics studies the similarities and differences among languages? A. Diachronic linguistics B. Synchronic linguistics
C. prescriptive linguistics D. Comparative linguistics
10. ________refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances.
A. Performance B. Competence C. Langue D. Parole
11. ________deals with language application to other fields, particularly education. A. Linguistic geography B. Sociolinguistics
B. Applied linguistics D. Comparative linguistics
Chapter II Phonology
II. Multiple Choice
Directions: Choose the best answer and fill in the blank in each item below. 21. Unlike animal communication systems, human language is ________.
A.stimulus free B.stimulus bound
C.under immediate stimulus control
D.Stimulus by some occurrence of communal interest. 22. *______ is one of the suprasegmental features.
A. stop B. Voicing C. Deletion D. Tone 23. Conventionally a _______is put in slashes.
A. allophone B. phone
C. phoneme D. morpheme
24.*Narrow transcription is the phonetic transcription with ______.
A. diacritics B. distinctive features C. voicing D. articulation
25. The diphthongs that are made with a movement of the tongue towards the center are known as _______diphthongs.
A. wide B. closing C. narrow D. centering
26. Which of the following disciplines are related to applied linguistics?
A. geology B. Education & psycholinguistics C. physics D. Philosophy 27. Which is different from the others according to places of articulation?
A. [n] B. [m] C. [b] D. [p]
28. What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating? A. Voiceless B. Voiced C. Glottal stop D. Consonant
29. Which consonant represents the following description: voiceless labiodental fricative? A. [f] B. [?] C. [z] D. [e]
30. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?
A. Acoustic phonetics B. Articulatory phonetics C. Auditory phonetics D. Neither of them 31. *_______ is not an English consonant.
A. Labio-dental plosive B. Alveolar nasal C. Velar stop D. Dental fricative 32. A phoneme is a group of similar sounds called _________.
A. minimal pairs B. allomorphs C. phones D. allophones
33. _________has been widely accepted as the forefather of modern linguistics.
A. Chomsky B. Saussure C. Bloomfield D. John Lyons 34. Which one is different from the others according to the manners of articulation?
A. [z] B. [w]
C. [s] D. [v]
35.Pitch variation is known as ______when its patterns are imposed on sentences.
A. intonation B. tone C. pronunciation D. voice
36. Which of the following is the most important function of language?
A. interpersonal function B. per formative function C. informative function D. recreational function
37. An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are _____of the p phoneme.
A. analogues B.tagmemes C. morphemes D. allophones
38. The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as ________.
A. glottis B. vocal cavity C. pharynx D. uvula
39. The function of the sentence” Water boils at 100degree Centigrade” is ____________.
A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative
40. Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels? A. [i:] B. [u] C. [e] D. [i]