一、如何变人称： 口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三不变。
? “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从 句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从 句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
? She said. \brother wants to go shopping with me. ” ? →She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时 ，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或 被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟 引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外 的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称， 如：
He said to Kate. \。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间 接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是 第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的 人称一般不需要变化如： Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.” →Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy. 二、如何变时态： 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。 1) 一般现在时→一般过去时态；
She said: “ I am a student. ” → She said (that) she was a student. 2) 一般将来时→过去将来时
She said, \。 Tom said, “ I am going to play basketball tomorrow.” → Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow. 3) 现在进行时→过去进行时；
She said ,“I am reading a book.” →She said she was reading a book. 注意：以下几种情况时态不变 ①直接引语是客观真理。
The teacher said \ me the earth moves around the sun earth.
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。
Jack said. “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me” Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him.
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语， 变为间接引语时，时态
6
不变。
Jack said. \→Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980. ④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或 习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
He said, “I get up at six every morning。” →He said he gets up at six every morning. ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（例：could, should, would, might）
The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.” → The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.” 已经是过去时的形式时， 例：ought to， had better, used to Peter said. \→Peter said I had better go there that day. 三、如何变句型：
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导 的宾语从句。 She said, \minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句， 间接引语应改为由 whether或if引导的宾语从句.
He said, \。 “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. ③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语该改为由疑问代词或疑 问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, \their dinner. She asked me, \in?” →She asked me what Jack was doing when she came in.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“ Tell (ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.”句型 。 如：
1.\students not to make any noi se. 2.“Open the door, please,\to open the door.
7
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间 接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）” 如：
He said, \go to the movies.\→He suggested going to the movies. 或He suggested that they should go to see the movies. 五、常用变化 指示代词 this??these these??those 表示时间的词 now??then today??that day
this week(month ,etc)??that week (month ,etc) yesterday??the day before
last week(month ,etc)??the week(month ,etc) before three days (a year ,etc) ago??three days (a year. etc) before tomorrow??the next (following ) day
next week (month ,etc)??the next (following ) week (month ,etc) 表地点的词 here??there 动词 bring??take come??go
A.用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. Tom does well in Chinese; however Lucy does Chinese_______ (good) than Tom. 2. Lily isn’t good at math, in the end-of-year exam she did__________ (bad) of all the students.
3. When I heard the_________ news, how_________ I am! (disappoint)
4. We are___________ (luck) enough to have bought the last tickets for the World Cup.
B.根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。
1. It’s k_______ to all that Bill Gates is a famous person all over the world.
8
2. Miss Zhao said that Jack wasn’t lazy, he was a h__________ student. 3. “L________, I have passed the Mid-exam.” Ford told us happily. 4. All of the ____________(信息) come from the west.
5. She is a lazy girl, every day she always_________（照抄）my homework. 二、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. Dick said he____________ (report) some important things to us the day after tomorrow.
2. First of all, you must tell me what you____________ (do) at nine last night. 3. My best friend tells me he _____________ (send) some gifts to me for my birthday. 4. Listen, some beautiful birds____________ (sing) in the tree.
5.________you _________ (argue) with your father when I knocked at the door? 6. I was surprised___________ (find) that Ann got mad after hearing the bad news. 7. I don’t know if Lucy___________ (come) to see me in five days. 8. The teacher told us the earth__________ (travel) round the sun.
9. I don’t think you are____________ (suppose) to smoke in the classroom. 10. He said he _____________ (clean) his bedroom at this time yesterday. 三、句型转换。
1. Meimei said,” I can pass the end-of-year exam easily.” （同义句） Meimei said _________________________ pass the end-of-year exam easily. 2. I hope that my parents are both well. （同义句）
I hope that my parents are _________________good__________________. 3. “Don’t shout at the old people”, mother said to her son. （同义句）
Mother _______________ her son____________________ shout at the old people. 4. I liked spring better than summer. （同义句）I _______________spring ________________summer.
5. This little girl is very clever. (变感叹句) ___________________________the little girl is! 四、单项选择。
( ) 1. —The earth goes round the sun.
—What did he say? I couldn’t hear him. — _____________. A.He says the earth goes round the sun. B. He said the earth goes round the sun. C. He said the earth went round the sun. D. He says the earth went round the sun. ( ) 2.The box is__________ to__________ . A. big enough, put my shoes B. enough big, put my shoes in C. big enough, put my shoes in
9
D .big, put shoes in
( ) 3.She told us she liked _________piano. A. to play B. playing the C. to play a D. playing a ( ) 4.The doctor _________after he__________ the patient.
A looked worrying , looked over B. seemed like worried; looked after C. looks worried , looked after D. seemed worried; looked over ( ) 5.He thinks his sister can do very well in the exams, ____________? A. does he B. doesn’t he C. can’t she D. can she
( ) 6.The ___________are buying some_________ in the supermarket. A.woman teachers, tomatoes B. woman teachers, tomatos C. women teachers, tomatos D. women teachers, tomatoes ( ) 7. Tom says he_____ wash hands before a meal. A. must to B. will has to C. has to D. have to
( ) 8. They _____ to visit our school the day after tomorrow. A. come B. coming C. are coming D. shall come
( ) 9. When you come here this afternoon. Please_____ your sister_____ you. A. take, with B. carry, with C. bring, with D. bring, to ( ) 10. I’m afraid there_____ a heavy rain this afternoon. A. will be going to B. will C. will have D. will be ( ) 11._____ there was something wrong with the machine. A. There seems B. It seemed that C. He seemed D. It seem that ( ) 12. I didn’t know she___ play____guitar(吉他) when she was four. A. can, \\ B. could, the C. could,\\ D. can, the ( ) 13. Mother thought_______ a clever boy. A. he is B. him C. him was D. his
( ) 14. Can you______ this word______ English? A. say; in B. speak; in C. speak; with D. say; with ( ) 15.The rich men can buy_______ lots of things. A. himself B. him C. them D. themselves
10