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在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。例如：
—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York？ —I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to. A.will not be sent；that B.not be sent；that
C.should not be sent；what D.should not send；what
考点五、wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气
具体说来其基本结构为：wish/if only/would rather+主语+动词一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反，其中be动词用were）/动词过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）/would+动词原型（表示与将来事实相反）。例如：
Look at the trouble I’m in，if only I ______ your advice！ A.followed B.would follow
C.had followed D.should follow
解析 句意为：看我目前的困境，要是我听你的建议就好了。其描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为C。 典题链接
1. She might have been in time for the train, but she ______ late.? A. started B. has started? C. was to start D. had started 答案：A?
解析：本题考查动词语气。might have done表示与过去事实相反，因此but后用一般过去时态表示实际发生的事。
2. I lost your cell phone number, otherwise, I _______ you long before.? A. had called B. have called? C. would have called D. should call 答案：C?
解析：根据时间状语long before，可知这是对过去的假设，要是知道你的手机号码，我早就给你打电话了。
3.—It’s so near! We should have walked there.? —Yes, a taxi _______ necessary at all.? A. wasn’t B. isn’t? C. hadn’t been D. won’t be 答案：A?
解析：这是一道根据情态动词+have done判断时态的题目。我们知道这个结构只可能有两种时态：过去时和现在完成时，对话内容是恍然发现目的地离得很近，所以本没必要打车，是对过去的虚拟，表示后悔的心情。真实的过去是坐了出租车的。
4. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting.? A. Would B. Should? C. Might D. If 答案：B?
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解析：if引导的虚拟将来的结构是：if...should/were to do...,...would do...这个句式可以倒装，变成：were...to do/should ...do...,...would do...。
5.________ the traffic jam, we would have arrived earlier.? A. In spite of B. Because of? C. But for D. Due to 答案：C?
解析：这是一个含蓄的if虚拟条件句，相当于:If it hadn’t been for the traffic jam, we would have arrived earlier. but for=without,要不是。
6. Without your timely help, we _______ in big trouble that day.? A. had been B. would be? C. would have been D. were 答案：C?
解析：本题同第五题。相当于if it hadn’t been for your timely help, we would have been in trouble that day.
7. It’s high time you _______ to make the decision yourself.? A. shall learn B. learn? C. learnt D. have learnt 答案： C?
解析：It’s high time+从句表建议时要用were式虚拟语气，从句中用过去式。 8. If you ______ me earlier, you ________ sorry now.? A. had listened to; wouldn’t have been? B. were to listen to; shouldn’t have been? C. had listened to; wouldn’t be? D. listened to; wouldn’t be 答案：C?
解析：此题是一个混合虚拟语气题，从句是对过去的假设，所以根据if虚拟条件句的规则，要用过去完成时，而主句部分讲的是目前的情况所以要用would + do。 ? 9.—I’m feeling terribly drunk now.?
—Well, I’d rather you _______ like a fish in the party.? A. didn’t drink B. hadn’t drunk? C. weren’t drinking D. not drink
10. The man insisted that he______ nothing wrong and _______ free.? A. did; set B. had done; should be set? C. do; be set D. had done; must be set 答案：B?
解析：insist只有表示在建议的时候才用虚拟语气，如果是陈述事实的话就不用虚拟语气。所以他说he had done nothing是事实，不是要求。后面的句子才是要求，所以后面用“should do”式虚拟语气结构。
11. If only I ______ an umbrella! I was wet through.? A. took B. should take? C. had taken D. take
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答案：C?
解析：if only引导were式主观愿望虚拟语气句，“如果……就好了”根据规则，对过去虚拟用过去完成时。
【高考链接】
1.（2010高考英语江苏卷）George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d
rather he_______ more on its culture.
A.focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focused 【答案】B
【解析】本题考察虚拟语气的用法。would rather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在时间相反，用动词的过去式。
2.（2010高考英语上海卷）---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
---Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't
3.（2010高考英语浙江卷）Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and
energy . A．would have been saved B．had been saved
C．will be saved D．was saved 【答案】 A
【解析】 本题考查虚拟语气。根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。
4.（2010高考英语天津卷）John went to the hospital alone.
If he me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 【答案】D
【解析】考察虚拟语气。句意为“约翰自己去医院了。如果他告诉我这件事情，我就会和他一起去去医院。根据句意可知主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达，采用虚拟语气，所以从句采用have done的结构，故选D。
5.（2010高考英语陕西卷）If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the
meeting.
A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken
6.（2010高考英语湖南卷）If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.
A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据“wouldn’t have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与
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过去事实相反的虚拟，故选C项。
7.（2010高考英语北京卷）--The weather has been very hot and dry.
--Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldn't die B. didn't die
C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died
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