_ The motors (items 5F1.RM01.HYS01-M2001 and 5F1.RM01.HYS01-M2002) of the hydraulic pump start operation. 液压泵马达启动运转。
_ The pumps delivers, at atmospheric pressure, oil via the filter (items 5F1.RM01.HYS01-B7001 to 5F1.RM01.HYS01-B7004) and the directional valve (items 5F1.RM01.HYS01-M6101 to 5F1.RM01.HYS01-M6108) into the reservoir.
油泵工作，在大气压下，油通过滤芯和定向阀进入蓄能器。
_ The solenoid valve (items 5F1.RM01.HYS01-M6101 to 5F1.RM01.HYS01-M6108) re-sponds after 10 sec. and the hydraulic system is pressurised up to the start-up pressure. At the same time, the hydraulic oil passes the non-return valve and flows to the piston rod sides (Piston 1 and Piston 2) of the hydraulic cylinders as well as to the oil sides of the piston accumulators (Piston 3 and Piston 4).
电磁阀在10秒钟后响应，液压系统增压至启动压力，同时，液压油通过单向阀流入液压缸的拉杆侧活塞(活塞1和活塞2)，液压油也进入蓄能器活塞的油室。
_ The preset start-up pressure of approx. 60 bar having been reached, operation of the hydraulic pump is stopped and the solenoid valve is de-energized. On account of the
function of the non-return valve, the built-up hydraulic pressure is maintained in the system. 当预设置的启动压力达到大约60bar时，液压油泵停止，电磁阀失电。基于单向阀的功能，系统内的油压得以维持。
_ Pressurisation of the hydraulic system to the preset working pressure is initiated either by the starting command “working pressure“ from the control panel and/or by a timer after approx. 1 minute, after start-up of the main drive unit of the mill.
液压系统要达到预设的工作压力值，可从控制盘启动“工作压力”命令，也可以由定时器在启动磨机的主马达后约1分钟自动执行。
_ Pressure build-up to the preset working pressure of approx. 120 bar is made analogously to that of the start-up pressure by starting operation of the hydraulic pump, which first re-cycles, at atmospheric pressure, the oil via filter and directional valve to the reservoir.
预设置的工作压力大约在120bar左右，达到工作压力的过程跟达到启动压力类似，也是通过运行液压系统压力油泵产生，液压油，初循环在大气压作用下，通过滤芯和和定向阀进入蓄能器。
_ The solenoid valve responds after 10 sec., and pressurisation of the hydraulic system is continued until the preset working pressure is reached at the measuring point by delivering hydraulic oil via non-return valve to the piston rod sides of the hydraulic cylinders and to the oil sides of the piston accumulators.
电磁阀在10秒钟后响应，液压系统持续增压至在监测点的预设工作压力，液压油通过单向阀流入拉杆侧活塞的液压缸和蓄能器活塞的油室。
_ If, during operation, the hydraulic pressure differs from the preset operating range by approx. 5 bar for reasons of, for instance, variation of the material bed depth, temperature Fluctuations or leakage in the hydraulic system, oil will be discharged through a throttle by opening the solenoid valve or oil will be fed by starting the pump and response of the solenoid valves.
在实际运行中，如果由于某种原因例如：料床厚度的变化，温度波动，或者液压系统的泄漏等等，液压压力和预设的工作压力偏离超过一定范围，比如说5 bar，那么液压油会通过打开的电磁阀从节流阀释放，或者被启动的油泵通过相应的电磁阀钸打入。
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1.2.3 Control of finished product conveyance成品输送的控制
Finished material conveyance is initiated by first starting operation of the blowers for the air-slides. Then, operation of the rotary airlock feeders of the bag filter (item 5F1.BF01) is started. There is a zero-speed monitor per rotary airlock feeder supplying a signal in case of failure of a rotary airlock feeder. Finally, the screw conveyors underneath the filter are put into operation. Zero-speed monitoring is also provided for these components.
成品输送由启动气动斜槽的鼓风机开始，然后袋收尘机的转饲机启动激活，每个旋转给料机按有一个零速监测器，旋转给料机不转时给出信号。最后启动袋收尘机下的螺旋输送机，它也按有一个零速监测器。
1.2.4 Control of gas routes (5F1.GP01 to 5F1.GP05) 热风管路的控制
Operation of the mill exit air fan (item 5F1.FN01) is started with closed louvre damper (item 5F1.TVJ01). The fan is provided with a vibration monitor (5F1.FN01.BEA01-T9601). 磨机的排风机在百叶阀处于关闭位时启动。该风机配备一个振动监测器。
Together with the gas route also the cleaning cycle of the bag filter is started provided, however, that finished material conveyance has been successfully put into service.
风机管路启动同时，袋收尘机的清吹循环也开始启动，当然这是在成品输送已成功地投入使用的前提下。
The pressure difference over the filter is monitored and an alarm is released as soon as the maximum admissible limit is exceeded, thus protecting the filter bags from excessive mechanical stress.
袋收尘的压差会被监测，当最大的允许界限值一被超过就会产生一个警报，这样保护 收尘袋不被过量的机械应力破坏。
The gas temperature into the filter is controlled by the fresh air flap, which integral to the bag filter, to protect the filter bags against excessive temperature. The maximum admissible
temperature depends on the filter bag cloth employed. A maximum long-term temperature of approx. 110°C shall be admitted.
进入袋收尘器的废气温度通过组装在袋收尘上的冷风阀控制，以防止过高的气体温度对收尘袋布袋的损坏。最大的允许温度取决于收尘袋的布袋材料，长期运行的最高允许温度大约在110°C。
1.2.5 Control of the hot gas producer (5F1.HG01)热风炉的控制
Hot gas supply to the mill is ensured by a hot gas producer (5F1.HG01) using blast furnace gas and natural gas as fuel. A certain amount of the produced hot gas is taken for heating the recirculating bucket elevator (5F1.BE01) and the feed chute (5F1.CH01) with coarse feed valve (5F1.CV01.CVJ01).
磨机所需的热风由热风炉提供。热风炉采用高炉煤气、天燃气、重油或煤粉为燃料。一部分热风被用来加热循环提升机，粗粉喂料阀和进料料槽。
The gas flame is ignited by means of a gas-electric ignition device. The hot gas producer supplies a constant hot gas temperature of 800 °C. Control of the hot gas volume is by the temperature in the gas route downstream of the mill.
燃料火焰由气-电点火装置点燃。热风炉提供温度恒定约800 °C的热风。热风量的控制取决出磨废气温度。
The combustion chamber is equipped with a flame guard emitting an alarm signal as soon as the flame goes out. Moreover, a pressure monitor is provided to protect from overpressure in the combustion chamber. Thermocouples are located in the refractory lining of the
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combustion chamber which signal the temperature increase in case of damage to the lining. 燃烧室装有一个火焰安全保护装置，当火焰一排出燃烧室其就会马上发出警报。此外还装有压力监测器以保证燃烧室中维持正压。热电偶安装在燃烧室的耐火材料内衬中，其在温度上升时会发出一个信号以保护燃烧室不被损坏。
1.2.6 Control of main drive unit of mill (5F1.RM01.DRU01) and of new material
delivery 磨机主传动装置和喂料的控制
Mill feeding is started together with the main drive unit of the mill in a start-up group. This ensures that neither the main drive unit of the mill can be started without material supply to the mill nor material supply can be started without the main drive unit of the mill. Start-up preconditions for the group “main drive unit of mill and new material delivery“ are the signals that finished material conveyance, auxiliaries, gearbox lubrication and gas routes are in op-eration. Moreover, it is necessary to have more material in the mill feed bins than minimum level (e.g. 20%).
磨机喂料和磨机主传动在同一个组中被启动。这确保了在没有物料进入磨机时磨机主传动不会被启动，也使磨机主传动没有被激活时不会有料进入磨机。
1.2.7 Control of water injection (5F1.RM01.WTJ01)喷水的控制
To improve the material bed, water is injected into the raw mill, if necessary. The water pump (item 5F1.RM01.WTJ01-M2001) brings the filtered water to a working pressure of 6 bar, and controlled injection into the mill is via a valve. The water quantity can be controlled from the control panel.
为了改善磨内料床特性，需向磨内物料喷入适量的水。水泵提供经过滤的水，工作压力一般在6 bar, 通过一个调节阀控制磨机内的喷水量。水量可从控制室操作台调节。
1.2.8 Control of grinding pressure碾磨压力的控制
Another possibility to influence the grinding efficiency lies in the possible adjustment of the hydraulic pressure of the grinding tools. When increasing the pressure, pressing of the grinding tools onto the material bed is correspondingly stronger and the grinding effect is improved. But smooth running of the mill decreases with an increasing grinding pressure. The limit of the maximally possible hydraulic pressure is an operation with the grinding tools rolling on the material bed without neither producing strong vibrations nor getting into contact with the grinding table liners.
粉磨效率的另一个影响因素是磨辊的压力调节。当增加压力，磨辊磨盘间施加到料床上的压力变强，碾磨效果被改善。但是当增大压力时磨机运行的稳定性下降。最大可能的液压碾磨压力界限是磨辊压在料床上既不产生强烈的振动，也不会进一步接触到磨盘衬板。
2. Material properties 原料特性
The POLYSIUS Roller Mill RMS is designed to grinding blast furnace slag. The granulated and vitreous slag shows latently hydraulic properties. Decisive for the hydraulic activity are the fractions of reactive calcium oxide, silicium dioxide and aluminium oxide which, in the presence of water, can form calcium silicate hydrates and calcium alumina hydrates capable of hardening.
伯利休斯的RMS辊式磨是被设计用来碾磨高炉矿渣的。颗粒的和玻璃的矿渣显示出潜在的水硬特性。可以确定水硬活性是有少量的活性氧化钙、SiO2和Al2O3，它们在水中会形成CaSi氢氧化物和CaAl氢氧化物，能使其变得坚硬。
Without changing the chemical composition of the blast furnace slag, its properties can be decisively influenced by controlling the cooling-down conditions for the transition from
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liquid state to solid state. Abrupt cooling down of the blast furnace slag supplies a highly
vitreous granular material with distinct, latently hydraulic setting strength, which is preferably used for the production of cement. Slowly cooled down blast furnace slag is of crystalline quality after hardening and represents a rock with a pore structure being influence able according to size and quantity. This raw slag is treated in purposive steps to produce
marketable finished products being used for civil engineering works, in particular for road construction and build-ing construction, and mainly taken as admixture for lightweight concrete.
在不改变高炉矿渣的化学组分的情况下，它的特性受其从液态转变为固态时的冷却过程条件的影响，高炉矿渣突然急速冷却会产生高活性的颗粒料，它有着明显的潜在的水硬特性，非常适合用于水泥的生产。慢速冷却的高炉矿渣在硬化后有着晶体特性，并形成受颗粒尺寸和晶体数量影响的毛孔状结构的岩石。这类矿渣按市场的不同需求被制成各种产品出售，用在土建工程上，特别是在道路建设和建筑建设上，主要是作为混合材用于轻质混凝土。
Blast furnace slag is particularly brittle and abrasive. For this reason it is necessary to take special, plant-specific precautions counteracting the high wear rate.
高炉矿渣特别硬而易碎，并且磨蚀性很强。因此要采取特别的、工业实用的抗磨蚀措施。
Before grinding, the moisture content of the blast furnace slag is 7% to 15%, and it therefore quickly forms deposits on walls. To ensure a continuous material flow, it is necessary to pro-vide continuous heating for those parts coming into contact with the moist slag.
在粉磨前高炉矿渣的含水量大约在7% ~15%，因此它容易在触壁上形成结料。为确保顺畅的料流，有必要给接触到湿矿渣的触壁提供连续的加热。
The following table shows a typical chemical composition of a blast furnace slag: 下表所列的是高炉矿渣典型的化学组分：
Chemical components Percentage [%] SiO2 37.98 Al2O3 8.50 TiO2 0.32 Fe2O3 0.60 Mn2O3 0.01 CaO 44.47 MgO 8.62 SO3 (total sulphur) 1.85 P2O5 0.02 Na2O 0.22 K2O 0.35 Cl 0.003 Loss on ignition 1.06 Total 102.94 Silicia ratio 4.03 Alumina ratio 14.46
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3. Operation of the grinding plant 粉磨系统的操作 3.1 Philosophy of operation 操作观点
The following requirements must be fulfilled by the plant components as optimally as possible: 以下的要求作为粉磨系统的组成部分，必须尽可能做好： _ Drying of the material to be ground 碾磨物料的干燥
_ Grinding of the necessary fineness 碾磨物料所必须的细度
_ Defined slope factor for product grain size 确定产品颗粒细度级配 _ Safe and troublefree operation 安全且无故障操作
_ Minimisation of expenditure of auxiliary energy 最少的额外能量消耗
_ Elimination of health risks for the operating staff 排除对操作人员的健康隐患 _ Low vibration level of operation 低振动条件下的操作
All these tasks and conditions are fulfilled by observing the operating conditions, by a system of process-technological interlocking and by the installed open-loop and closed-loop control system.
所有这些工作任务、条件的执行和落实，需要熟悉并遵守操作规程，系统的工艺联锁控制以及建立系统的闭环和开环操作控制回路。
The constancy of the differential pressure of the mill, of the static negative pressure in the hot gas duct upstream of the mill and of the circulating mill air temperature ensures that the con-stant gas velocities in the mill, in the separator and in the exhaust gas system are attained as they are important for a stable mill operation and a constant product quality.
稳定的磨机压差，稳定的磨机进口负压，以及稳定的磨机循环风温，是确保稳定的磨内风速、选粉机风速，和废气处理系统风速的重要条件。它们也是磨机稳定操作和产品质量稳定的前提。
The grinding efficiency of roller mills substantially depends on the filling ratio of this mill. It is influenced by the material lying on the grinding table as well as by the material flow circulating between nozzle ring, separator and grinding table. Decisive factors for the grinding efficiency are also the moisture content, the hardness and the grain size of the material to be ground. Taking latter as given values, the filling ratio must be considered as controlled variable serving as manipulated variable for the feed quantity. The measure applied for determining the filling ratio is the differential pressure between mill inlet and mill outlet. 立磨的粉磨效率很大程度上取决于该磨内的物料填充率。它受铺在磨盘上的进料影响，同时也受喷嘴环，选粉机和磨盘间的循环料流影响。决定碾磨效率的重要因素还有物料的含水量、硬度和被碾磨物料的颗粒尺寸。后面给出的数值，填充率作为一个操作变量被看成是由喂料量控制的变量。确定填充率的检测依据是磨机进出口的压差值。
According to the moisture content of the feed material, a certain quantity of hot gas is sup-plied to the grinding plant. Sufficient drying of the material can be assumed at a gas tem-perature of 90 °C downstream of the mill. During operation endeavors are made to keep this temperature constant on a preset level. This is ensured by adjusting accordingly the fuel gas supply to the hot gas producer.
根据进料的含水量，粉磨系统需要一定的热风量。当出磨后气体温度在90 °C时，物料被认为已获得了有效干燥。在操作中要设法保持稳定的出磨废气温度。可以用出口风温调节热风炉的燃气供给量，从而使其一致。
In order to obtain a constant product quality, it is necessary to operate the roller mill with a constant and sufficient gas quantity. Among others, this is ensured by adding the necessary quantity of return gas to the hot gas coming from the hot gas producer. The negative pressure
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