贵州大学毕业论文（设计）
题目：年产设计
毕业论文（设计）
30万吨合成氨厂变换工段列管式换热器E04102
学 院： 化学与化学工程学院
专 业： 过程装备与控制工程 班 级： 过控101班 学 号： 1008110071 学生姓名： 杨明学 指导教师： 杨双全
贵州大学毕业论文（设计） 第I页
目录
目录.............................................................................................................................. Ⅰ 中文摘要....................................................................................................................... Ⅲ 英文摘要....................................................................................................................... Ⅳ 前言................................................................................................................................ 1 第一章 工艺计算.......................................................................................................... 5
1.1物料衡算........................................................................................................... 5 1.2热量衡算........................................................................................................... 5
1.2.1冷流体的物性参数................................................................................. 5 1.2.2热流体的物性参数................................................................................. 9 1.2.3冷热流体的物性表............................................................................... 13 1.3冷热流体的流程安排..................................................................................... 13 1.4管壳程数及流体流型的确定......................................................................... 14 1.5传热平均温差的计算..................................................................................... 14 1.6估算传热面积................................................................................................. 14 1.7结构设计......................................................................................................... 14
1.7.1管程设计--确定换热器规格、管数和布管 ........................................ 14 1.7.2确定管程流速....................................................................................... 15 1.7.3壳程设计............................................................................................... 16 1.7.4核算换热面积A ................................................................................... 16
第二章 强度计算........................................................................................................ 22
2.1壳体设计......................................................................................................... 22
2.1.1壳体筒体壁厚计算与校核................................................................... 22 2.1.2壳体筒体封头计算与校核................................................................... 24 2.2管箱设计......................................................................................................... 26
2.2.1管箱壁厚计算与校核........................................................................... 27 2.2.2管箱封头计算与校核........................................................................... 29 2.3法兰设计......................................................................................................... 31
2.3.1垫片设计............................................................................................... 32 2.3.2螺栓设计............................................................................................... 33 2.3.3法兰设计............................................................................................... 35 2.4管板设计......................................................................................................... 39 2.5温差应力的计算............................................................................................. 46 2.6筒体内部设计................................................................................................. 48
2.6.1换热管与管板的连接........................................................................... 48 2.6.2支撑板的设计....................................................................................... 48 2.6.3管箱隔板的设计................................................................................... 49 2.6.4防冲板的设计....................................................................................... 49 2.6.5起吊附件............................................................................................... 49 2.7开孔和开孔补强设计..................................................................................... 49
2.7.1管箱开孔补强设计............................................................................... 50 2.7.1壳体开孔补强设计............................................................................... 51 2.8耳座的设计..................................................................................................... 54
贵州大学毕业论文（设计） 第II页
第三章 U型管式式换热器的制造工艺 .................................................................... 58
3.1U型管式换热器的制造 .................................................................................. 58
3.1.1筒体....................................................................................................... 58 3.1.2封头和管箱........................................................................................... 58 3.1.3换热管................................................................................................... 58 3.1.4设备组装............................................................................................... 58 3.2换热管管板的连接........................................................................................ 58 3.3管板的加工.................................................................................................... 59 第四章 换热器的检验、安装与维修........................................................................ 60
4.1安装................................................................................................................. 60 4.2维修................................................................................................................. 60 4.3 清洗................................................................................................................ 60 结论.............................................................................................................................. 61 参考文献...................................................................................................................... 62 致谢.............................................................................................................................. 63
贵州大学毕业论文（设计） 第III页
摘要
本设计着重就E04102U型管换热器的设计，并简要论述了其加工制造过程，就以所给的物性参数和生产量为基础，利用传热原理和传热计算所得换热器面积确定U型管换热器的基本形式。依据GB150—2001《压力容器》和GB151—1999《管壳式换热器》等标准对换热器各零件结构与强度进行了设计，包括筒体、管箱、封头、管板以及开孔补强等。最后还介绍了U型管换热器检验、安装、维修的内容。
关键字：传热面积，传热系数，U型管换热器，管壳式换热器
贵州大学毕业论文（设计） 第IV页
Abstract
This design mainly on E04102 U type heat exchanger design，and briefly discusses the processing and manufacturing process, with given physical parameters and production basis, calculated by using the theory of heat transfer and heat transfer heat exchanger area determine the basic form of U tube heat exchanger. According to GB150-2001\pressure vessel\and GB151-1999 \shell heat exchanger\ such as the standard for heat exchanger parts structure and strength design , including cylinder, Tube box, Head, Tube plate and opening reinforcement, etc. Finally U tube heat exchanger is introduced in the paper the contents of the inspection, installation, maintenance.
Keywords： Heat transfer area Heat transfer coefficient
U tube heat exchanger Tube and shell heat exchanger