****大学本科生毕业设计 目录
目 录
目 录 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ I 摘 要 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... III Abstract .................................................................................................................................................................................. IV 第1章 绪论 ............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.1背景 ............................................................................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 锌锭及锌锭的用途 ......................................................................................................................................1 1.1.2 锌锭模芯 ......................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 装置设计目标 ..........................................................................................................................................................2 第2章 冲击系统设计 ............................................................................................................................................................3
2.1 冲击力计算 ..............................................................................................................................................................3 2.2气动冲击系统设计 ...................................................................................................................................................4
2.2.1 系统原理图设计 ..........................................................................................................................................4 2.2.2 冲击气缸选择 ..............................................................................................................................................4 2.2.3 空压机选型 ..................................................................................................................................................8 2.2.4 其他元件选型 ........................................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.5 气动系统成本计算 ................................................................................................................................... 12 2.3 液压冲击系统设计 ............................................................................................................................................... 12
2.3.1 系统原理图设计 ....................................................................................................................................... 12 2.3.2 液压缸设计与选型 ................................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.3 液压油选型 ............................................................................................................................................... 14 2.3.4 液压站设计与选型 ................................................................................................................................... 16 2.3.5 液压系统成本计算 ................................................................................................................................... 19 2.4 液压与气动冲击系统的对比与选用.................................................................................................................. 20 第3章 锌锭模芯动力脱模装置的结构设计 ................................................................................................................... 21
3.1 滑动导轨设计 ....................................................................................................................................................... 21
3.1.1 导轨形式及基本尺寸确定 ...................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.2导轨材料及技术要求 ................................................................................................................................ 22 3.1.3 导轨压强计算 ........................................................................................................................................... 23 3.2锌锭定位装置 ........................................................................................................................................................ 24 3.3 承接模芯装置 ....................................................................................................................................................... 26
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****大学本科生毕业设计 目录
3.4锌锭运动动力装置 .................................................................................................................................................27
3.4.1使锌锭运动所需拉（推）力及移动距离 ...............................................................................................27 3.4.2 动力装置形式的确定 ................................................................................................................................27 3.4.3 多级伸缩式液压缸参数确定 ...................................................................................................................27 3.4.4 液压系统总体设计 ................................................................................................................................... 28 3.4.5 伸缩缸的固定与连接 ............................................................................................................................... 29 3.5冲击缸固定装置 .................................................................................................................................................... 31 3.6模芯位置检测装置 ................................................................................................................................................ 31 3.7 模芯的动力脱模装置整体装配 .......................................................................................................................... 33 第4章 关键零部件的有限元分析与校核 ....................................................................................................................... 35
4.1 ANSYS简介 ............................................................................................................................................................. 35 4.2 冲击缸支架的有限元校核 .................................................................................................................................. 35
4.2.1 边界条件 ................................................................................................................................................... 36 4.2.2建立有限元模型 ........................................................................................................................................ 36 4.2.3 加载分析 ................................................................................................................................................... 38 4.2.3 后处理 ........................................................................................................................................................ 38 4.2.4 结果分析 ................................................................................................................................................... 45 4.3支架结构的更改与校核 ....................................................................................................................................... 45 第5章 总结与展望 ............................................................................................................................................................. 54
5.1全文总结 ................................................................................................................................................................ 54 5.2 设计展望 ............................................................................................................................................................... 54 致谢 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 55 参考文献 ................................................................................................................................................................................ 56 附 录 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
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****大学本科生毕业设计 摘要
摘 要
锌锭广泛应用于压铸合金、电池业、印染业、医药业、橡胶业、化学工业。锌锭作为**主要生产业务，目前采用人工方式完成脱模动作，即人工抡大锤将模芯从锌锭中打出，这种方式是原始、费力、低效率的方式，不适合现代企业技术发展的需要。本文针对这种现状，从生产实际出发，设计一套动力脱模装置。针对脱模过程需要冲击力大、时间短的特点，设计了一套气动冲击系统和一套液压冲击系统，进行了元件选型，并从系统使用性能、制造成本等方面对两套系统进行了对比，最终选定液压冲击系统作为装置的冲击系统。根据生产过程使用要求，设计了动力脱模装置的零部件具体结构。利用PRO/E软件建立了装置的三维模型。利用ANSYS软件，对脱模装置关键零部件进行了有限元校核，并根据校核结果对零部件结构进行相应修改。最终设计出一套满足使用要求的模芯动力脱模装置。
关键词：动力脱模装置 气动冲击 液压冲击 元件选型 结构设计 有限元分析
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****大学本科生毕业设计 Abstract
Abstract
Zinc ingot is widely used in die-casting alloy, battery industry, printing and dyeing industry , pharmaceutical industry , rubber industry as well as chemical industry. As the main production business of *****, the demoulding of Zinc ingot is currently completed with artificial method, namely, using sledgehammer to get the mold core out of the Zinc ingots. Such a method, being original, laborious and inefficient, can not meet the demands of the technological development of modern enterprises. In view of this situation, this thesis is intended to design a set of dynamic demoulding device based on the needs of actual production. Directing against such characteristics of the demoulding process as requiring large impact force and short time, the author of this thesis designs a pneumatic impact system and a hydraulic impact system, selects the components for the systems and makes comparisons between the two sets of system from the aspect of performance and manufacturing cost,etc and finally, chooses the hydraulic impact system as the impact system for the device. In line with the requirements of the production process, the author also designs the specific structure of the components of the dynamic demoulding device, uses PRO/E software to establish the three-dimensional model of the device and modifies the components structure according to the checking result. Eventually, a set of the dynamic demoulding device which can well satisfies the requirement of users is designed.
KEY WORDS: dynamic demoulding device pneumatic impact hydraulic impact component selection architectural design finite element analysis
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****大学本科生毕业设计 第1章 绪论
第1章 绪论
1.1背景
1.1.1 锌锭及锌锭的用途
锌锭是指纯锌，当然也会有杂质，但作为锌锭，至少有90%以上的纯度。
锌锭主要用于压铸合金、电镀、喷涂、电池业、印染业、医药业、橡胶业、化学工业等，是株冶的主要生产业务。
锌锭的主要应用有
：
1、镀锌：锌具有优良的抗大气腐蚀性能，所以被主要用于钢材和钢结构件的表面镀层(如镀锌板)，广泛用于汽车、建筑、船舶、轻工等行业。近年来西方国家开始尝试直接用锌合金板做屋顶覆盖材料，其使用年限可长达120-140年，而且可回收再用，而用镀锌铁板作屋顶材料的使用寿命一般为5-10年。
2、制造铜合金材(如黄铜)：用于汽车制造和机械行业。锌具有适用的机械性能。锌本身的强度和硬度不高，但加入铝、铜等合金元素后，其强度和硬度均大为提高，尤其是锌铜钛合金的出现，其综合机械性能已接近或达到铝合金、黄铜、灰铸铁的水平，其抗蠕变性能也大幅度被提高。因此，锌铜钛合金目前已被广泛应用于小五金生产中。
3、用于铸造锌合金：主要为压铸件，用于汽车、轻工等行业。许多锌合金的加工性能都比较优良，道次加工率可达60%-80%。中压性能优越，可进行深拉延，并具有自润滑性，延长了模具寿命，可用钎焊或电阻焊或电弧焊(需在氦气中)进行焊接，表面可进行电镀、涂漆处理，切削加工性能良好。在一定条件下具有优越的超塑性能。此外，锌具有良好的抗电磁场性能。锌的导电率是标准电工铜的29%，在射频干扰的场合，锌板是一种非常有效的屏蔽材料，同时由于锌是非磁性的,适合做仪器仪表零件的材料及仪表壳体及钱币,同时锌自身及与其他金属碰撞不会发生火花，适合作井下防爆器材。
4、用于制造氧化锌：广泛用于橡胶 、涂料、搪瓷、医药、印刷、纤维等工业。 5、用于制造干电池（以锌饼、锌板形式，约占13%）：锌具有适宜的化学性能。锌可与NH4CI发生作用，放出H+正离子。锌-二氧化锰电池正是利用锌的这个特点，用锌合金做电池的外壳，既是电池电解质的容器，又参加电池反应构成电池的阳极。它的这一性能也被广泛地应用于医药行业。 1.1.2 锌锭模芯
锌锭是****的主要生产业务，目前主要为人工生产方式，模芯是被锌液凝固固定在铸锭中，用于吊车将铸锭从铸模中起吊出的支撑物。
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