高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)
still cheap in 1919) to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old
world, to flout the morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and
sensation.
8 Soon they found their imitators among the non-intellectuals. As it became
more and more fashionable throughout the country for young persons to defy the law
and the conventions and to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of
\
became a fad. Each town had its \set which prided itself on its unconventionality ,
although in reality this self-conscious unconventionality was rapidly becoming a
standard feature of the country club class -- and its less affluent imitators
--throughout the nation. Before long the movement had be-come officially
recognized by the pulpit (which denounced it), by the movies and magazines (which
made it attractively naughty while pretending to denounce it), and by advertising
(which obliquely encouraged it by 'selling everything from cigarettes to automobiles
with the implied promise that their owners would be rendered sexually irresistible).
Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with
marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who
had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the
manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. Their parents were
shocked, but before long they found themselves and their friends adopting the new
gaiety. By the middle of the decade, the \
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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)
factor in American life as the flapper, the Model T, or the Dutch Colonial home in Floral Heights.
9 Meanwhile, the true intellectuals were far from flattered. What they had wanted
was an America more sensitive to art and culture, less avid for material gain, and less
susceptible to standardization. Instead, their ideas had been generally ignored, while
their behavior had contributed to that standardization by furnishing a pattern of
Bohemianism that had become as conventionalized as a Rotary luncheon. As a result,
their dissatisfaction with their native country, already acute upon their return from the
war, now became even more intolerable. Flaming diatribes poured from their pens
denouncing the materialism and what they considered to be the cultural boobery of our
society. An important book rather grandiosely entitled Civilization in the United States,
written by \
rallying point of sensitive persons disgusted with America. The burden of the volume
was that the best minds in the country were being ignored, that art was unappreciated,
and that big business had corrupted everything. Journalism was a mere adjunct to
moneymaking, politics were corrupt and filled with incompetents and crooks, and
American family life so devoted to making money and keeping up with the Joneses
that it had become joyless, patterned, hypocritical, and sexually inadequate. These
defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better
things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of
the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe
where \
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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)
published (1921), most of its contributors had taken their own advice and were Wing
abroad, and many more of the artistic and would-be artistic had followed suit.
10 It was in their defiant, but generally short-lived, European expatriation that our
leading writers of the Twenties learned to think of themselves, in the words of Gertrude
Stein, as the \
attitude nevertheless acted as a common denominator of the writing of the times. The
war and the cynical power politics of Versailles had convinced these young men and
women that spirituality was dead; they felt as stunned as John Andrews, the defeated
aesthete In Dos Passos' Three Soldiers, as rootless as Hemingway's wandering
alcoholics in The Sun Also Rises. Besides Stein, Dos Passos, and Hemingway, there
were Lewis Mumford, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson, Matthew Josephson, d.
Harold Stearns, T. S. Eliot, E. E. Cumminss, Malcolm Cowley, and many other
novelists, dramatists, poets, and critics who tried to find their souls in the Antibes and
on the Left Bank, who directed sad and bitter blasts at their native land and who,
almost to a man, drifted back within a few years out of sheer homesickness, to take up
residence on coastal islands and in New England farmhouses and to produce works
ripened by the tempering of an older, more sophisticated society.
11 For actually the \
a time, bitter, critical, rebellious, iconoclastic, experimental, often absurd, more often
misdirected- but never \
above, such fisures as Eugene O'Neill, Edna St. Vincent Millay, F. Scott Fitzserald,
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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)
William Faulkner, Sinclair Lewis, Stephen Vincent Benét, Hart Crane, Thomas Wolfe,
and innumerableothers could never be written off as sterile ,even by itself in a moment
of self-pity. The intellectuals of the Twenties, the \
Fitzserald called them, cursed their luck but didn't die; escaped but voluntarily returned;
flayed the Babbitts but loved their country, and in so doing gave the nation the Iiveliest,
freshest, most stimulating writing in its literary experience.
(from Rhetoric and Literature by P. Joseph Canavan)
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高级英语（第二册） Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men (Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Edwards)
NOTES
1. Horton and Edwards: joint authors of the book, Backgrounds of American Literary Thought (1967), from which this piece is taken.
2. The Sad Young Men: a term created by F. Scott Fitzgerald in his book All the Sad Young Men to describe the disillusioned post-World War I younger generation, especially the young writers who lived as expatriates in west Europe for a short time. They were also called the \
3. flask-toting: always carrying a small flask filled with whisky or other strong liquor
4. crash of the world economic structure: referring to the Great Depression in U.S. history, the severe economic crisis supposedly precipitated by the U. S. stock-market crash of 1929. The American depression produced severe effects abroad, especially in Europe.
5. Roosevelt: Theodore Roosevelt (1859-1919), 26th President of the United States (1901-- 09). He drew considerable criticism for his glorification of military strength and his patriotic fervor. After the outbreak of World War I he attacked Wilson' s neutrality policy; and when the United States entered the war he pleaded vainly to be allowed to raise and command a volunteer force.
6. Dos Passos: John Dos Passos (1896--1970), American novelist. Publications: Three Soldiers; Manhattan Transfer; U. S. A. ; District of Columbia, etc.
7. turn belly up: to finish, to end; a term borrowed from fishing. A fish that floats belly up is dead.
8. the strife of 1861--65: the Civil War between the Northern (Federal) States and Southern (Confederate) States, which resulted in victory for the former and the abolition of slavery
9. fracas with Spain in 1898: the Spanish-American War (1898), a brief conflict between Spain and the United States arising out of Spanish policies in Cuba. It was, to a large degree, brought about by the efforts of U. S. expansionists. On May 7, a U. S. squadron under George Dewey sailed into the harbor of Manila, Philippine Islands, and in a few hours thoroughly defeated the Spanish fleet there.
10. San Juan Hill: in East Cuba, near the city of Santiago de Cuba. It was the scene (July, 1898) of a battle in the Spanish-American war, in which Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders took part.
11. National Guard: U. S. militia. In peace time the National Guard is placed under state jurisdiction and can be used by governors to quell local disturbances. In times of
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