3 How ______________________?One and a half kilometers.
4 Who _________________________________________________ ? Sun Yat-sen. 5 How much ________________________________________ Three quarters. 6 How many _______________________________________ ? Four thousand. Suggested answers:
1. was the Three Gorges Dam built 2. is the dam
3. wide is the dam
4. first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River 5. of China's energy is produced by burning goal 6. villages were flooded when the dam was built Step 5 Language Explanations: 【词条1】work out 【课文原句】
Try to work out what kind of word it is. (Page 52)
【点拨】work out 在此句中意为“弄清楚、理解，看懂”。整句话意为“设法弄清楚它是什么词类”。如：
Please look at the two pictures closely, and try to work out their differences. 【词条2】date from 【课文原句】
Most of the Great Wall dates from the Ming Dynasty. （Page 51） 【点拨】
date from 相当于date back to, 意为“起源于，始于”，这个短语无被动语态，且常用于一般现在时。如：
These old buildings possibly date from the 13th century. 【词条3】hold back 【课文原句】
“Walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain …‖ (Page 53)
【点拨】该句为毛泽东的一句名诗，意为“更立西江石壁，截断巫山云雨”。hold back此处意为“阻止，阻挡”。如：
The villagers built dams to hold back the flood waters. No one can hold back the wheel of history. 【词条4】make sense 【课文原句】
If you take away the relative clauses, do the sentences still make sense? (Page 54) 【点拨】
make sense 此处意为“有意义，讲得通”，主语常是物。如： What he said just now doesn’t make sense at all. 【词条5】suggest 【课文原句】
Sun Yat-sen, who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first suggested the idea of a dam across the Yangtze River in 1919. (Page 53)
【点拨】suggest在此处意为“提出，建议”，常用搭配为：suggest + sth / doing sth。该句意为“1911年辛亥革命的领导人孙中山于1919年首先提出了在长江上建造大坝的设想”。如：
She suggested traveling by bus.
The teacher suggested what to do next. 【拓展】suggest后面也可跟that从句。
1. suggest当“建议”讲时， that 从句要用虚拟语气，即：suggest that sb (should) do sth。如： She suggested that we (should) travel by bus.
2. suggest当“暗示、表明”讲时， that 从句不用虚拟语气，而要用陈述语气。如： The sad look on his face suggested that he was very disappointed. 【词条6】accommodate 【课文原句】
? is designed to accommodate 80 million passengers a year. (Page 51) 【点拨】accommodate 此处意为“容纳”，后面直接加表示数量的词。如： This hotel can accommodate up to 600 guests. 【词条7】remove
【课文原句】Some of them are being removed and some are being put into museums. (Page 53) 【点拨】remove此处意为“移走，移开”，整句意为“它们中有一些被移走，还有一些被放进了博物馆”。如：
The cars which are parked there will be removed.
【拓展】remove sth / sb from sb / sth 把??移走；从??开除。如： Three children were removed from the school for their bad behavior. He removed his hand from her shoulder. Homework:
1. Write a summary of the whole passage. 2. Finish the exercises 8-11on page 99-100. Period 3
Step 1. Presentation Read these sentences.
a Mao Zedong wrote a poem in which he dreamed of ―walls of stone to hold back clouds and rain‖.
b The Three Gorges Dam, which is the biggest construction project in China since the building of the Treat Wall and the Grand Canal, has been built to control flooding.
c Sun Yat-sen,who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first suggested the idea in 1919. d More than a million people who lived in the region have moved from their homes. Now answer these questions.
1 Which of the relative clauses (in italics)contain essential information about the subject and which contain extra information?
2 If you take away the relative clauses ,do the sentences still make sense?Why or why not?
3 Which sentences have commas, the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information?
Suggested answers: 1. ( b,c )
2. ( a and d don’t , b and c do .because the meaning stands without the extra clauses) 3. The ones with the extra information Step 2 Explanations:
限制性与非限制性定语从句
(1) 限制性定语从句对所修饰词的意思加以限制，表示“??的人（或东西）”，限制性定语从句描述的是主句不可缺少的一部分；非限制性定语从句对所修饰的词没有限制词义的作用，而只是补充一些说明，通常都有一个逗号把它和句子的其他部分分开，在译成中文时，这个从句常译成一个并列句。如：
He is the man (who / that / whom) you’ve been expecting to meet. 他就是你一直想见的那个人。
This is Mr Smith, whom / who you’ve been expecting to meet. 这位是史密斯先生，你一直想见的那个人。
(2) 在限制性定语从句中，that可代替who / whom / which，作宾语时可省略；在非限制性定语从句中，不能用that引导，关系代词作宾语时也不能省略。如： The person (that / whom) I just referred to is Tom. There are 30 chairs in the hall, most of which are new.
(4) 当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
(5) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。如：
My son failed again in the exam, which made me very angry. 注意：
(1) 关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
(2) as或which引导的非限制性定语从句，可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分。as引导的定语从句还可以放在主句之前，而which引导的非限制性定语从句要放在句末。如： As has been announced, we should have our final exams next month. We shall have our final exams next month, as / which has been announced. (3) as可引导定语从句时，意为“正如”，which引导时，常意为“这就是??。如： As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. He has a son who likes to play football. 试比较以下两个句子在意义上的不同：
The college students who knew the truth left the small town. The college students, who knew the truth, left the small town.
前一句中有一个限制性定语从句，它对名词的范围作了一定的限制。这个句子的意思是“只有那些知道事实真相的大学生离开了小镇”，并暗示那些不知道事实真相的大学生仍然还留在小镇上。后一句中有一个非限制性定语从句，它对前面的名词没有起到任何限制作用，这句话暗含的意思是：“大学生们都知道了事实真相并离开了小镇。” 再比较下面两个句子：
He has a son who works in a hospital. (限定性) 他有一个在医院工作的儿子。（可能还有别的儿子，不在医院工作） He has a son, who works in a hospital. (非限定性) 他有一个儿子，在医院工作。 Step 3. Practices
Choose the best answers.
1.The famous basketball star, Jordan,_________ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of
attention. A.where B.when C.which D.who
2.Mexico City,_________ has a population of over 10 million,is probably the fastest growing city in the world. A.what B.as C.which D.that
3.We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places,_________ other visitors seldom go. A.what B.which C.where D.when 4.John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,_________ was true. A.he B.this C.which D.who
5._________ is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month. A.It B.As C.That D.What 6.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_________ was very reasonable. A.which price B.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose 7.She heard the terrible noise,_________brought her heart into her mouth. A.it B.which C.this D.that
8.In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m.,_________ many people have gone home.
A.whose time B.that C.on which D.by which time 9.Carol said the work would be done by October,_________personally I doubt very much. A.it B.that C.when D.which
10.The youngest nurse has worked for 30 days in the SARS hospital,_________ she spent her 19th birthday. A.that B.which C.where D.and Suggested answers: 1-5. D C C C B 6-10 B B D D C Step 4 Pronunciation
Read the sentences and underline the relative clauses.
1 The tallest building that I have seen is the Empire State Building in New York.
2 The Grand Canal, which is the world's oldest and longest canal, was built in the fifth century BC.
3 The Three Gorges Dam is a hydro-electric project which has brought an end to the danger of flooding.
3 There is a boat which takes you all the way along the Yangtze River.
5 The river, which is the third longest in the world, is an absolutely beautiful place to visit. Homework:
1. Preview the grammar points we have learned. 2. Finish the exercises 1,2 on page 97. Period 4
Step 1 Presentation
Read the sentences and answer the questions.
a I met a man my grandfather worked with thirty years ago.
b I met a man who my grandfather worked with thirty years ago. c I wanted to visit the house that my grandparents lived in.
d The bus which I took back to my birth place was full of visitors from other parts of China. 1 Do the first two sentences mean the same thing?
2 In the first two sentences, who is the subject of the verb work ----the man or the grandfather? 3 Can the words that and which be removed from the third and forth sentences without changing the meaning? Suggested answers: 1. Yes, they do 2. The grandfather 3. Yes, they can Step 2 Explanations:
定语从句的缩短
定语从句可以缩短或简化，主要通过以下形式： 一、省略作宾语的关系代词
在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词有who（m），which，that。在限制性定语从句中，当who（m）和that作宾语用于指人时，可以互换使用，通常可以省略；当that和which作宾语用于指物时，两者也可以互换使用，关系代词that/which也通常省略。例如：
Is that the man（whom）/（who）/（that） you gave your tickets to?（whom，who或that可以省略）
Is that the address（which）/（that） you sent the telegram to?（which或that可以省略） Where is the book（which）/（that） I bought yesterday?（which或that
可以省略）
二、将定语从句变为非谓语动词
1.定语从句转换成不定式短语。例如：
This is the best thing that we can do in memory of our beloved teacher. →This is the best thing to do in memory of our beloved teacher. 这是为纪念我们敬爱的老师我们能做的最好的事。 He is a good comrade with whom you can work. →He is a good comrade to work with. 他是一个很好共事的同志。
2.定语从句转换成现在分词短语。例如：
The train that leaves from Platform 5 goes to Beijing. →The train leaving from Platform 5 goes to Beijing. 第五站台开出的火车驶往北京。
Yesterday we had a meeting which lasted two hours. →Yesterday we had a meeting lasting two hours. 昨天我们举行了一个持续两小时的会议。 3.定语从句转换成过去分词短语。例如：
The house which was damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon. →The house damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon. 大火中损坏的房子不久就要翻修。
The plan which is being discussed is of great importance. →The plan being discussed is of great importance.
正在讨论的这个计划非常重要。 Step 3 Practices:
a. Cross out the relative pronouns where possible.
1 They came from a village that was submerged in the reservoir. 2 There are many people who prefer to live in villages.
3 The dam ( that ) we saw in the film wasn't the Three Gorges Dam. 4 I've got a book that has lots of information about Zigui County. 5 The students ( that ) I met near the reservoir were from Vietnam.
6 I received an email from my cousin who lives near the Three Gorges Dam. Suggested answers: 3,5 can remove that
b. Make each pair of sentences into one sentence.
1 The dam provides a large amount of power. They built it on the river. 2 The power station was very modern. We visited it.
3 The village is near the lake. My grandparents used to live in it. 4 The boat went from Wuhan to Zigui. I took it Suggested answers:
1 The dam which they built on the river provides a large amount of power 2 The power station which we visited was very modern
3 The village which my grandparents used to live in is near the lake 4 The boat which I took went from Wuhan to Zigui
c. According to what we have learned, answer the following questions. 1. John has just got a new jacket which is nice. What is nice? A The jacket itself. B Having a new jacket.
2. The villagers, who knew the way, guided us out of the forests. Who knew the way? A Some of the villagers. B All the villagers.
3. Chek Lapp Kok Airport, which is in Hong Kong, is designed to accommodate 80 million passengers yearly. Which is the main information? A The airport is in Hong Kong.
B The airport is designed to accommodate 80 million passengers yearly.
4. The desks, which at first looked old and dirty, were very valuable. Which is the main information?
A The desks were old and dirty. B The desks were very valuable.
5. He is the man who told me the news. Which understanding is right? A \ B \ Suggested answers:
1.A 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A Step 4 Listening
a. Listen and tick the subjects that you hear.
a film about a clam a map of China the Yangtze River