既要提高英语水平又能帮助通过考试 A. 不要一味做模拟试题 B. 根据自身情况合理安排 C. 维持正常学习
坚持背诵：最有效的笨办法，但要聪明地学会聪明地使用笨办法 背诵材料的选择既要注重语言（规范）也要注重内容（心智成熟）又要是切身的（不
切身的知识永远是身外之物）
坚持阅读：注意语块、句子结构（一定要超越单词层面）、锻炼思维（作者如何展
开论证）
适当阅读较难的文章：吃透每一个句子
一、长难句分析 造成阅读困难的原因
1.词汇（包括词组、习惯表达、一词多义等） 2.句子结构复杂或句型特殊 3.缺乏相关背景知识
4.本身理解能力（自身心智不足、思想能力低下、阅历缺乏等）
其中1、2是语言因素，3、4则为非语言因素。
长难句的理解
英语句子结构特点——节外生枝 树形结构tree-like language
汉语句子结构——按事物世纪发生顺序（时间顺序、逻辑顺序等）自左至右线性铺陈，竹形结构bamboo-like language
英语句子以谓语动词为中心，以主谓（宾）结构为主干，再借助关系代词、从属连词、非限定形式等进行空间搭架，且句尾开放。这种环环相扣、层层叠加的构句方式常会使英语句子修饰关系复杂、并列成分繁多。另外，句子末端重量的要求以及插入语的频繁使用又会造成句子内部各成分之间搭配关系、修饰关系得表层分隔。这些因素再加上为避免重复而采用的指代、替代与省略以及倒装等语法手段均会给阅读者带来相当大的阅读理解困难。
所以，对长、难句要仔细分析句子基本结构，理清句子内部各部分之间的关系。
扩展机制：
The gnat bit the cat.
The gnat bit the cat which scratched the elephant.
The gnat bit the cat which scratched the elephant which collapsed. （虫咬了猫。猫抓了象。象倒下了。）
This is the cat.
This is the cat that killed the rat.
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt.
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house.
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that Jack built.
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the malt that lay in the house that was built by Jack who is the son of my father’s friend who is now working in the company for which I have been working for a few years. 有条理。
干得有条理。 一切干得有条理。 他把一切干得有条理。 没想到他把一切干得有条理。 她没想到他把一切干得有条理。 她说她没想到他把一切干得有条理。
将一句句长句、难句掰扯得明明白白，你的英语水平不想提高也难。
句子结构分析：
1. It is that unique self-definition which has given us an exceptional appeal ------- but it has imposed on us a special obligation, to take on those moral duties which, when assumed, seem invariably I our own best interest. (美国前总统卡特1977年就职演说)
正是这种独特的自我定义使我们具有特别的吸引力，但是这也使我们必须承担特别的义务，即承担那种一旦承担以后看来总是符合我们自己的最大利益的道德责任。
2. The second aspect is the application by all members of society, from the government official to the ordinary citizens, of the special methods of though and action that scientists use in their work. 第二方面是使用科学家们在工作中所运用的特殊的思想方法和行动方法。社会所有成员，
从政府官员到普通老百姓，都要使用这些方法。
3. In England the court is empowered to order anyone who is convicted of an offense that could be punished with imprisonment to perform up to 240 hours of unpaid work for the community, usually over a period of not more than 12 months.
4. The president said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterday’s election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of log-held superiority in the House.
5. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy.
6. Vocabulary study through word lists and dictionaries, as practiced in school, poses new problems, primarily because of the mechanics of dictionary study as opposed to interaction with responsive adults.
7. A newly issued report reveals in facts and figures what should have been known in principle, that quite a lot of business companies are going to go bankrupt during the coming decade, as tariff walls are progressively dismantled.
8. Some countries allow courts to disqualify from driving those offenders who have used motor vehicles in commission of the crime for which they are being sentenced, with the aim of hindering the offenders from committing further such offenses.
9. So far as is known, all tradition-bound peoples solve their economic problems today much as they did 10,000 years or perhaps 10,000 centuries ago ---- adapting by migration or movement to changes I season or climate, sustaining themselves by hunting and gathering or by slash-and-burn agriculture, and distributing their output by reference to well-defined social claims.
10. If you think as much of others as of yourself, you will not make any of theses mistakes.
11. For this reason also the writer, like any other artists, has no resting place, no crowd or movement in which he may take comfort, no judgment from outside which can replace the judgment from within.
For this reason also like any other artists,
the writer, has no resting place, no crowd or movement, no judgment
from outside in which he may take comfort which can replace the judgment from within 由于这个原因，如同任何艺术家一样，作家没有地方可以安妥自己的灵魂，没有人群、没有活动，他可从中找到安慰，也没有外界的评判可以取代他自己内心的评判。
12. I merely desired to point out the principal reason which I believe exists for the greater exaggeration which is occasionally to be observed in the estimate of the importance of the contradiction between current Religion and current Science put forward by thinkers of reputation. I merely (is) put desired forward by which to current point out the thinkers Science principal and reason of current reputation which Religion between (I believe) the contra- exists diction of for the the importancgreater e of exaggera- the estimate tion which in is occasionally to be observed 我的意思哪，是有些出名的思想家把当今的宗教和当今的科学之间的矛盾说得太夸张了，其实不然。
（*我仅仅想要指出，有名气的思想家想出的理论所说的当今宗教和当今科学之间的矛盾的重要性的估计里偶尔被人看出的我相信存在着的较大的夸张的主要理由而已。） （*出名的思想家把当今宗教和当今科学之间的矛盾，偶尔估计过高，我仅仅想指出他们这种看法的主要理由是什么而已。）
13. When I walked into the Chief’s office, I saw from the look on his face that he was not going to give me good news.
14. Money acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving under a barter（物物交换）system. No one engaged on only one stage in the manufacture of a product could save part of his output, since he would be producing nothing complete.
15. Any kind of camera will do that has a shutter that can be made to remain open for a time exposure. 16. He who is pleased with nobody is much more unhappy than he with whom nobody is pleased. 17. The theory is of great importance that the hotter a body is, the more energy it radiates.
18. How many of us, attending, say, a lecture that doesn’t interest us, can keep our minds from wondering?
19. There is no way in which, if the society of which we are a part begins to go to pieces, we can help going to pieces ourselves.
20. The puma left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.
21. Specialization, which is vital to an advanced economy, is encouraged, because people whose output is not a complete product but only a part of one in which many others are involved can be paid an amount equivalent to their share of the product.
22. Electronics has made possible a new kind of higher education and research.
23. Among the drives which they took was one to Russell Square to the house of the Sedleys, for many
notes had passed, as may be imagined, between the two dear friends, since Becky came to town. 24. Idealists have objected to the practice of camping, as to the packaged tour, that the traveler abroad
thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited. 25. It was at this point that news arrived which was spread among the many creditors of the colonel in Paris, and caused them great satisfaction.
26. Many sweet little appeals, half tender, half joking, did Miss Sharp make to Jos about the dishes at dinner, for she was now very friendly with all the family.
27. It seems as if some hidden mechanism has enabled a man of genius smoothly and easily, and all unknown to himself, to arrive at definite conclusions beneath the threshold of consciousness.
28. The best thing that could happen in the next generation, the thing that would make most people happy, individually and collectively, would be a return to this faith that all men, no matter who they are or how much they know, can tell one another something.
29. Despite the idea, which has grown like a cancer among us, that scientists and humanists cannot converse, I believe that if they ever honestly try to talk together, they will have no real difficulty and will discover that they share many problems which can be to their mutual benefit.
30. Usually that which a man calls fate is a web of his own weaving, from threads of his own spinning. 31. Imagine the effect on a reasonably advanced technological society, one that still does not possess the bomb, of making it aware of the possibility, of supplying sufficient details to enable the thing to be constructed.
32. He mentally visualizes a complex form from all round itself; he knows while he looks at one side what
the other side is like.
33. A man without an education, many of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities.
34. Change comes heartbreakingly slowly after endless debate. But those changes which finally become the
law of the land do so eventually with the work, the thought, and the consent of a nationwide majority.
35. At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and
strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence; but at this age the likelihood of death is least.
36. The Victorians, realizing that the greatest happiness accorded（给予）to man is that provided by a happy
marriage, endeavored to pretend that all their marriages were happy. We, for our part, admitting the fact that no feat（技艺）of intelligence and character is so exacting（严格的）as that required of two people who desire to live permanently together on the basis of amity（友善）are obsessed by（被困扰）the problem of how to render（使得）the basic facts of cohabitation（同居） simpler and more reasonable, in order that unhappy marriages may less frequently result. The Victorians would have considered it “painful” or “unpleasant” were one to point out that only four marriages out of every ten are anything but forced servitudes（奴役）. We ourselves start from this very assumption and try to build from it a theory of more sensible relations between the sexes. Of all forms of arrant（彻头彻尾的）untruthfulness Victorian optimism appears to me to have been the most cowardly and the most damaging.
37. What people fear when they engage in the struggle for life is not that they will fail to get their breakfast
next morning, but that they will fail to outshine(胜过) their neighbor.
38. The man who is born with a talent which he has meant to use finds his greatest happiness in using it. 39. Remember when life’s path is steep to keep your mind even.
49. A practical result of becoming free to use one’s mind is that one tends then to find the world intelligible in
many, if not all, of its part.
41. When one has had to work hard to get money, why should he impose on himself the further hardship of
trying to save it?
42．During the nineteenth century, she argue, the concept of the “useful” child who contributed to the family
economy gave way gradually to the present day notion of the “useless” child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to its parents, is yet considered emotionally “priceless”.
43. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what.
44. The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road
to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligation and involvement in the collective community that emphasized by the Greeks.
45. The event marked the end of an extended effort by William Barton Rogers, M. I. T.’s founder and first
president, to create a new kind of educational institution relevant to the times and to the country’s need, where young men and women would be educated in the application as well as the acquisition of knowledge.
46. Thus in addition to the chances of going away from the right path outlined above, the scientific
investigators shares with the ordinary citizen the possibilities of falling into errors of reasoning in the ways we have just indicated, and many others as well.
47. One need only ask first-year university students what music they listen to, how much of it and what it
means to them, in order to discover that the phenomenon is universal in America, which begins in