内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书
太原世纪花园住宅楼分户采暖与热力站、热力管网设计
摘 要
采暖就是用人工的方法向室内供给热量，使保持一定的室内温度，以满足人们对室内条件和工作条件的要求。所有供暖系统都由热媒制备（热源）、热媒输送和热媒利用（散热设备）三个主要部分组成。
本设计主要采用分区供热和分户计量采暖系统，热源由换热站集中供给，散热器给室内的供热方式由对流供热和辐射供热。根据此建筑物的特点采用分区供热，以防止压力过大而超过底层散热器设备的允许值。散热器采用上供下回的连接方式，管道敷设在垫层内，使室内布置更加合理、美观。采暖室内系统采用双管同程式，供热中干管系统采用双管异程式，对于异程式来说上层循环环路长度长阻力大，下层循环环路长度短阻力小，刚好抵消重力作用产生的上层大于下层的附加压力，减小垂直失调的问题。同时在各个用户的入口都有热计量表，用户就可以根据自己的需要来调节热量，这样既满足了人们对生活条件的需要，又符合了经济、节能等方面的要求。
关键词：热能工程；热媒；热源；分户采暖
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内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书
The Design of Household-based Medium Heating,
Heat Exchanger station and Heating-supply pipe network for
Taiyuan's Century Garden
Abstract
Heating is to use artificial methods to the indoor heat supply, maintaining a certain level of the indoor temperature to meet the people's indoor and working conditions demands. All heating systems by the heat of the media (heat), heat-borne transmission and use of heat medium (cooling equipment) of three main components.
The main design and use of district heating household metering heating system, heat from the ground floor of a heat transfer station on supply, the indoor heating radiator to form by convection heating and heat radiation. According to the characteristics of buildings used district heating, in order to prevent excessive pressure on the bottom radiator equipment and over the allowable value. The radiator is connected by the means of come the next time, the laying of pipelines in the cushion, the interior layout more rational, attractive. Indoor heating system uses the form of twin-tube in different process. The trunk system of Heating system uses the form of twin-tube in different process.?for the form of twin-tube in different proces, the length and the resistance of upper circulation is great and the length and the resistance of the lower cycle loop length is small and it just offsets the additional pressure and it can reduce the vertical disorders . At the same time in all users have the entrance of meters, users will be able according to their own needs to adjust the heat so that not only satisfy the people's living conditions of the needs, in line with the economic, energy and other aspects of the request.
Key words: thermal engineering; Hot matchmaker; sources of heat; household heating
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内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书
目 录
摘 要 .............................................................. I Abstract .......................................................... II 绪 论 ............................................................. 1 第1章 设计原始资料 ................................................. 2 1.1设计题目 ...................................................... 2 1.2设计原始资料 .................................................. 2 第2章 供暖系统热负荷计算 ........................................... 3 2.1设计所在地气象资料 ............................................ 3 2.1.1查出设计题目中建筑物所在地区的相关气象资料 ................. 3 2.1.2熟悉设计图纸土建资料 ....................................... 4 2.1.3合理的确定采暖设计热负荷 ................................... 5 2.1.4数据的舍取 ................................................. 5 2.2围护结构的热工性能 ............................................ 6 2.2.1热工的性能校核必要性[4] ..................................... 6 2.2.2查出有关围护结构传热系数 ................................... 6 2.2.3校核围护结构传热热阻是否满足最小传热热阻的要求 ............. 8 2.3房间热负荷计算 ............................................... 10 2.3.1供暖系统的设计热负荷 ...................................... 10 2.3.2维护结构基本耗热量 ........................................ 12 2.3.3维护结构的附加耗热量 ...................................... 12 2.3.4冷风渗透耗热量 ............................................ 13 2.3.5冷风侵入耗热量 ............................................ 15
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内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书
2.3.6计算整个建筑物的供暖热负荷和热指标 ........................ 17 第3章 散热器的选择及计算 ......................................... 21 3.1散热器的选择 ................................................... 21
3.1.1对散热器的要求 ............................................ 21 3.1.2对散热器的注意事项 ........................................ 21 3.1.3散热器的类型比较 .......................................... 22 3.2散热器的计算 ................................................. 25 3.2.1散热器的计算 .............................................. 25 3.2.2散热器的布置 .............................................. 26 3.2.3散热器的安装 .............................................. 26 3.3管道布置 ..................................................... 27 3.3.1供水干管的布置 ............................................ 27 3.3.2室内管线的布置 ............................................ 27 3.3.3支管的布置 ................................................ 27 3.3.4管道支架的安装 ............................................ 28 第4章 管道的水力计算 .............................................. 29 4.1绘制系统图 ................................................... 29 4.2水力计算 ..................................................... 29 4.2.1供暖系统水力计算的任务 .................................... 29 4.2.2供暖系统管路水力计算的内容 ................................ 29 4.2.3确定最不理管路及水力计算方法 .............................. 31 4.2.4水力计算步骤 .............................................. 32 4.2.5水力计算中的注意事项 ...................................... 33 第5章 换热站设计 .................................................. 36
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内蒙古科技大学毕业设计说明书
5.1换热站的介绍 ................................................. 36 5.1.1换热站的规模和位置要求 .................................... 36 5.1.2换热站站房设置要求 ........................................ 36 5.1.3换热站热力系统的设计应符合的要求 .......................... 37 5.1.4换热站规模及形式的确定 .................................... 38 5.2换热站主要设备的选择 ........................................ 38 5.2.1换热器的选型 .............................................. 38 5.3水泵的选择计算 .............................................. 39 5.3.1循环水泵的计算选型 ........................................ 40 5.3.3补水泵的计算选型 .......................................... 41 第6章 辅助设备的选择和防腐保温 .................................... 43
6.1伸缩器...................................................... 43 6.2集气罐和自动排气阀 .......................................... 43 6.3除污器...................................................... 44 6.4补偿器...................................................... 44 6.5软化水箱和水处理器 .......................................... 45 6.6防腐和保温管` ............................................... 45 总 结 ............................................................ 48 参 考 文 献 ....................................................... 49 附录 .............................................................. 50 附录A外文文献 ................................................... 50 附录B热负荷计算表 ............................................... 74 附录C散热器计算表 ............................................... 84 附录D水力计算表 ................................................. 90
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