GRE ISSUE TOPICS
230 \-- and people in general -- prefer to follow directions rather than make their own decisions. Therefore, colleges should eliminate as many choices as possible in order to offer students clear direction.\
大学生－还有普通人－都更喜欢跟从指导，而不是做出自己的决定。因此，大学应该尽可能让学生少做选择，给学生提供明确的方向。
No.3 Behaviors
Goals (3)
118 \any field of endeavor -- the sciences, the humanities, the social sciences, industry, etc. -- it is not the attainment of a goal that matters, but rather the ideas and discoveries that are encountered on the way to the goal.\ 在任何领域如科学、人文、社会科学、工业等，我们最大的收获在于达成目标的道路上的经验和发现，而不是获取目标本身。
126 \goals one sets for oneself.\
社会所给予的外部奖励不是成功的真正衡量标准。真正的成功只能通过自己所设立的目标来衡量。
212 \If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it is justifiable.\05/26; 06/4] (33) 如果一个目标是值得的，那么追求目标的任何手段都是正当的。
Characteristics & Attitudes (3)
12 \attitudes are determined more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by any internal characteristic.\
人们的态度更多情况下取决于当时的处境和环境，而非人们的任何内在性格。
91 \the way people form values.\
大多数人认为他们持有的价值关是理性选择的结果，但其实理性和价值观的形成关系不大。
145 \principles.\
性格测试最关键的一点就是看一个人能否在不牺牲个人原则的基础上适应变化的社会习俗。
Divergence & Conformity (3)
141 \people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is that personal economic success requires conformity.\05/29; 06/6]
大多数人只意识到个性化的益处，但实际上个人的经济成功需要一致性。
198 \ 社会应该赞赏个性差异，而不是鼓励一致统一。
238 \ 一致性几乎总是压抑个性化创造和活力。
Collaboration (3)
42 \benefit academically if they work frequently in groups.\
学习不是个人行为，而是需要人们的合作，所以各个年级的学生如果经常在一个群体里工作，他们将会在学业上获益非浅。
46 \While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling in them a sense of cooperation.\05/22; 06/1]
尽管一些政府领导，比如体育、工业和其他的领域的人把他们的成功归功于良好的竞争意识，一个社会还是应该给年轻人灌输合作的思想，这更有助于他们成为好的领导者。
213 \ability to compromise and work with others -- that is, the ability to achieve social harmony -- should be a major goal in every school.\
学校太强调教学生怎么质疑他人的主张。实际上，培养折衷和与他人合作的能力，也就是促进社会和谐的能力应该被作
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GRE ISSUE TOPICS
为每个学校的主要目标。
Individuals & Group (9)
60 \not that individual truly represents the views of the entire group.\
通常情况下，媒体和社会都希望某个个人能代表一特定群体，无论此个人能否真正地表达整个群体的观点。
61 \High-profile awards such as the Nobel Prize are actually damaging to society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition.\05/14; 06/1]
最高荣誉比如诺贝尔奖实际上是在损害社会，因为这种奖项在暗示只有少数人才配得上这样的荣誉。(少数和多数，精英和大众)
95 \much more than individual competition does.\
众人拾柴火焰高。团队需要合作，这样才能比个体之间的竞争更能激发人们的激情
113 \ 定位自己，主要是通过定位自己所处的社会团体。
162 \, the conditions in which people find themselves have been largely established long before people become aware of them. Thus, the concept of personal responsibility is much more complicated and unrealistic than is often assumed.\
我们经常听到个人需要为自己的生活负责任。但是在人们认识到自己所处的情形之前，这些情形很大程度上已确定。所以个人责任要比通常认为的要复杂和不切实际的得多。
175 \It is always an individual who is the impetus for innovation; the details may be worked out by a team, but true innovation results from the enterprise and unique perception of an individual.\05/14; 06/0]
总是某个个人推动了革新；可能由团队完成细节，但是真正的革新来自于个人的进取心与不寻常的洞察力。
199 \members force each other to compromise and, as a result, creative ideas tend to be weakened and made more conventional. Most original ideas arise from individuals working alone.\
真正创新的思想不是来自群体，而是来自个人。当一个群体试图创新时，群体中的成员使得彼此相互妥协，最终削弱集体的创造性，趋向遵循传统。大部分创造性思想来自于个人的独立工作。
71 \ 适当的独处有利于营造更为良好的相处关系。
200 \interaction with others.\
最难的莫过于认知自我，通常只能通过独处，而非与他人交往来了解自己。
Personal Success (11)
16 \they actually prevent people from developing into truly strong and independent individuals.\
尽管很多人认为现在奢侈安逸的生活是完全无害的，但实际上这样的生活阻止了人们培养真正坚强独立的性格。
64 \Many people know how to attain success, but few know how to make the best use of it.\05/9; 06/1] 很多人懂得如何去获得成功，但是很少有人知道如何最好的去利用成功。(Attain and sustain打江山容易，保江山难)
87 \In any field of inquiry, the beginner is more likely than the expert to make important discoveries.\[05/46; 06/2]
在所有的研究领域中，新手要比专家更有可能获得重要的发现。
138 \Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress.\05/32; 06/1] (25) 不犯错误就不会有发现和进步。
182 \ 只相信智力是危险的。（Intelligence：The faculty of thought and reason.故智力－理性相对于直觉－感性）
188 \
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GRE ISSUE TOPICS
change it.\
成功，不管是学术上还是专业上的，都包括适应新环境并最终改变它的能力。
192 \in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or risks than from careful and cautious planning.\
生活各个方面的成功更多是来自机遇或者冒险，而不是仔细和谨慎的规划。
206 \might do.\
人们行动太快了；他们应该停下来想一想行动的可能后果。
210 \Most people choose a career on the basis of such pragmatic considerations as the needs of the economy, the relative ease of finding a job, and the salary they can expect to make. Hardly anyone is free to choose a career based on his or her natural talents or interest in a particular kind of work.\[05/13; 06/1]
大多数人找工作是基于实用性的考虑：经济需求、较易找到工作，希望拿到的薪水。很少有人自由地根据自己对某一份工作的才能和兴趣出发去选择职业。
226 \People are mistaken when they assume that the problems they confront are more complex and challenging than the problems faced by their predecessors. This illusion is eventually dispelled with increased knowledge and experience.\05/22; 06/6]
人们错误地认为他们碰到的问题要比他们前辈碰到的问题更复杂、更具挑战性。这个错觉最终会随着知识和经验的积累消除。
240 \negative feedback.\
虽然很容易对他人和团体的工作给出肯定的反馈，但是给出否定的反馈更有价值。
Individual & Society (5)
75 \but those who are most gifted at perceiving and coordinating the talents and skills of others.\
为社会做出很大贡献的人往往不是发展出自己的新思想的人，而是他们具有感知和协调他人的才能和技巧的人。
77 \that satisfaction comes from working for the greater good of the family, the community, or society as a whole.\
今天人们过于个人主义。人们需认识到满足感来自于为家庭、社区或社会创造更大利益 ，而不是关注自我和个人目标。
93 \The concept of 'individual responsibility' is a necessary fiction. Although societies must hold individuals accountable for their own actions, people's behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.\05/26; 06/1]
“个人职责”的概念是必要的。尽管社会必须要求个人对他们自身的行为负责任，但人们的行为很大程度上是被迫的而并非个人素质。
145 \principles.\
性格测试最关键的一点就是看一个人能否在不牺牲个人原则的基础上适应变化的社会习俗。
234 \such a preference.\
大多数人更倾向于限制与规则，而不是绝对的自由，虽然他们可能会否认这一点。
Belief (5)
35 \ 不管在什么样的情况下，坚持自己的信仰都要比放弃信仰好。
146 \ 对某思想或策略最执着的人往往对其最挑剔。
165 \present opinions and ideas that differ from those held by the majority.\
在任何领域，最主要的声音来自于这些人，他们并不是由信念驱动，而是由希望表达和大多数人相异的观点和想法的意愿所驱动。
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GRE ISSUE TOPICS
235．\Most people are taught that loyalty is a virtue. But loyalty—whether to one's friends, to one's school or place of employment, or to any institution—is all too often a destructive rather than a positive force.\05/26; 06/4]
大多数人被教育说忠诚是一种美德。但是，忠诚－无论对于朋友、学校、受雇公司或任何机构来说，经常都是一种有害而非积极的力量。
Doubt (3)
18 \the value of that idea.\
只有通过质疑某个观点，并将其与其他观点做对比，人们才能真正理解那个观点的价值。
68 \might be.\
人们总是错误地对待专家，怀疑、不信任他们，不管专家们的贡献有多大。
231 \, one should say, 'Moderation in most things,' since many areas of human concern require or at least profit from intense focus.\ “对所有事情适度”是不正确的建议。而应是“对大多数事情要适度。”因为人们从事的许多领域需要或者至少得益于执着。（这里的适度类似中庸）
Others (4)
163 \of the resources available to them until they face a great problem or crisis.\
大多数人，不管是肉体上还是精神上，都局限于有限的范围内。直到他们遇到重大问题或危机的时候，才会发现自己只不过利用了可用资源很有限的一部分而已。
65 \been so encouraged by society to focus on apparent differences that they fail to see meaningful similarities among ideas, individuals, and groups.\
人们经常被社会鼓励去关注思想、个体和团体之间表面的不同，以至于往往忽略其中有意义的相似之处。
225 \do so. Instead, a thing should be considered on its own terms; we should avoid the tendency to compare it to something else.\
人们经常寻找相似处，不管两个事物有多么不同，即便这样做没有意义或是有害的。我们应该就事论事，避免把它拿去和其他事物比较。
62 \it assumes that people are intrinsically deficient.\
人们普遍认为应该把自我完善当作生命的首要目标，这样的想法是有问题的，因为它假设人们本质上是不完善的。
No.4 Politics
Government & Individuals (10)
8 \It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public.\[05/22; 06/3]
政治领导们在公众面前有所保留经常是必要的，甚至是值得赞许的。
167 \It is impossible for an effective political leader to tell the truth all the time. Complete honesty is not a useful virtue for a politician.\05/26; 06/2]
有效力的政治领导者在任何时候都告诉真相是不可能的。对于政治家来说，太坦白不是美德。
45 \people whom they serve.\
政府官员应该有自己的判断力，而不应该盲目地依从人民的意愿。
79 \and thus have better judgment and perspective than do members of the general public.\
重大的政策决定应该留给那些政治家和政府专家们，他们比老百姓拥有更多的信息，因此具有更好的判断力和远见。
89 \
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GRE ISSUE TOPICS
使命造就领导者。
97 \ 尽管很不幸，但这是一个事实，政治决策和活动影响着人们生活的方方面面。
105 \from it's own citizens.\
当政府愿意接受来自其公民的质疑时，才表明这个国家真正的强大。
142 \ 当许多公民质疑权威的时候，社会才能更富强。
170 \welfare of all its people.\ (23)
伟大国家最可靠的标志不是其统治者、艺术家或者科学家的成就，而是全体人民的福利。
202 \abandon principle for the sake of compromise.\
和伟大的思想家、艺术家不同，最有效力的政治领导者必须经常向公众舆论让步，有时为了折衷要放弃原则。
Law & Morality (5)
17 \There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws.\05/38; 06/8]
有两种法律：公平的和不公平的。社会中的每个人都应该遵守公平的法律，更重要的是，不遵守或者违抗不公平的法律。
174 \times, and places.\
法律不应该太僵化、太固定。他们应该是灵活的，考虑到各种实际情况、时间和地点。
178 \, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in people's hearts and minds.\
控制、限制人们行为的法律可能建立，但是立法不能改变人们的本性，法律无法改变人们的所思所想。
180 \be legislated.\
现代社会的许多问题是法律和司法系统不能解决的，因为道德行为无法立法。
169 \other.\
认为政治和道德是两码事的人既不懂政治又不懂道德。
Leadership (6)
43 \, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.\05/36; 06/4] 一个政府官员要想成为一位有成效的领导者，必须有极高的伦理和道德修养。 (36)
160 \The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to re main consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little.\05/29; 06/5]
有效力的领导者最本质的品质就是对特定原则和目标的坚持。任何领导者，如果他很容易受到流行观点的影响，那他就一事无成。
123 \. Everything about people -- their clothes, their friends, the way they talk, what they eat -- reflects their political beliefs.\
和一个人相处很短的时间就有可能知道他的政治立场。所有与他们相关的如衣服、朋友、谈话的方式、所吃的食物都反映出他们的政治信仰。
208 \The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a society's ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people.\05/48; 06/1] (46) 人们的眼神、穿着和动作都揭示了他们的态度和兴趣。你可以透过观察一个社会中人们的外貌和举止来认识该社会的理念和价值观。(以小见大)
70 \The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.\05/18; 06/4] (37)
在任何领域，商业、政治、教育、政府，掌权者都应该在5年任期后下台。对任何事业而言，取得成功最保险的途径就是聘用新生力量担当领导。
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