3）可推导性（calculability）
所谓可推导性，指的是听话人一方面根据话语的字面意义，另一方面根据合作原则的各项准则，推导出相应的会话含义。（何自然，1988）。
4）非规约性（non－conventionality）
会话含义不是话语的规约意义（conventional meaning）。也就是说，会话含义不是字面意义，也不是字面意义的一部分。它是通过合作原则中各项准则，通过话语的字面意义，结合语境推导出来的。字面意义在话语中是不变的，会话含义则视语境的不同而变化。例如，“It's cold here．”在某一特定语境中可能产生出“关窗”这个会话含义，而在另外一些语境中则可能产生一些其他的会话含义。
5）不确定性（indeterminacy）
推导会话含义就是推导交际双方在遵守合作原则的前提下话语的种种解释；而这种解释随语境的不同又可以有无数个，因而会话含义是不确定的。列文森（1983）举的一个例子是：“John is a machine．”这句话在不同的语境中可以表达“约翰是冷酷的”、“约翰是能干的”、“约翰不停地干活”或“约翰不会动脑子”等会话含义。
3) can be derived property (calculability)
The so-called sex can be derived, refers to the listener on the one hand according to the literal meaning of words, on the other hand according to the norms of cooperation principles deduced corresponding session meanings. (Ho Nature, 1988).
4) Non - conventional (non-conventionality)
The meaning of the statute is not the meaning conversation discourse (conventional meaning). In other words, the meaning is not literal meaning conversation, not part of the literal sense. It is through the principle of cooperation in the guidelines, through the literal meaning of words, with Context deduced. In the literal sense of the words are the same, meaning the session varies depending on the context. For example, \cold here.\May produce a \in a particular context, while in other context may have some other meaning of conversation. 5) uncertainty (indeterminacy)
Derivation meaning is derived both communication sessions explanations in compliance with the principles of cooperation under the premise of discourse; and this interpretation with different contexts and can have
numerous, thus meaning the session is uncertain. An example of Levinson (1983) is cited: \in this sentence can be expressed in different contexts, \\John is not mindless \the meaning of the session.
格莱斯将合作原则具体化为四个准则：
⑴ 量的准则（The maxim of quantity):
1） 所说的话应包含当前交谈目的所需要地信息； 2） 所说地话不应包含多于需要地信息. ⑵ 质的准则（The maxim of quality): 1） 不要说自知是虚假的话； 2） 不要说缺乏足够证据的话.
⑶ 关联准则（The maxim of relevance): 所说的话与话题要相关联.
⑷ 方式准则（The maxim of manner）：清楚明白地表达出要说的话，尤其是： 1） 避免晦涩； 2） 避免歧义； 3） 简练； 4） 有条理.
以上是对格莱斯地会话含义理论和合作原则的简述.不少修辞，
如比喻﹑讽刺等都是违反合作原则中地某一准则产生会话含义的.
Grice cooperative principle embodied in the four criteria: ⑴ amount Guidelines (The maxim of quantity):
1) words should contain the current purpose to the information required;
2) the words should not be said to contain more than the information required.
⑵ qualitative criteria (The maxim of quality): 1) Do not say knew to be false words;
2) Do not say the words of lack of sufficient evidence. ⑶ association guidelines (The maxim of relevance): Words to be associated with the topic.
⑷ mode Guidelines (The maxim of manner): clearly expressed clearly to say, in particular: 1) Avoid obscure; 2) to avoid ambiguity; 3) concise; 4) organized.
These are the Grice conversational implication of the theory and principles of cooperation outlined. Many rhetoric, as are all ironic metaphor ﹑ violate the
principles of cooperation in the guidelines to produce a meaningful Session
三 Grice的会话含义理论被认为是语用学的核心内容,极大推进了语用学的研究.文章以影片《唐顿庄园》中的精彩对白为例,对这一理论涉及的会话含义、会话合作原则、会话含义的产生与会话含义的特点做了较为细致的分析,为准确理解这一理论提供生动实例,同时也为证明这一理论对分析人物语言的实用性提供了参考.
Grice's conversational implicature theory is regarded as the core content of pragmatics, greatly promote the research of pragmatics. Based on the TV show \ Downton Abbey\for example, the theory of conversational implicature, the generation of conversational cooperative principle,
conversational
implicature
and
the
characteristics of the conversational implicature made a relatively
detailed
analysis,
provide
accurate
understanding of this theory with vivid examples, as well as to prove the practicability of this theory analysis of the character language provides reference.
作为语言学的重要组成部分，语用学已引起了语言学家的广泛关