SAT语法讲义
正确：放在句首大写。
例：Having been a victim of malicious rumors, Helen purposely avoided gossips.（P954. 3）
(A) Having been a victim of malicious rumors (B) Her being a victim of malicious rumors (C) Her having been victimized by malicious rumors (D) Because being a victim of malicious rumors (E) Because having been a victim of malicious rumors
5. 时态tense
6. 单复数singular & plural
5、6常常合在一起考，从动词开始划线 7. 平行结构parallel structure
① doing, doing, and doing / 名词，名词，and名词 ② 两者之间的平行
例：Most drivers know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes gasoline, but also that it is dangerous. （P678.13）
(A) know not only that excessive speeding on highways wastes (B) know that excessive speeding on highways could be wasteful of (C) are knowledgeable that excessive speeding on highways not only wastes (D) have known that excessive speeding on highways wastes not only (E) know that excessive speeding on highways not only by itself can waste ③ 同类相比较 8. 固定用法
so that， just as… so， had hardly…when，no sooner…than，…not… any more… 例：The new regulations have so complicated the process of formulating a school budget to where no one on the Board of Education is eager to undertake the task.（P430.6）
(A) budget to where (B) budget, therefore
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SAT语法讲义
(C) budget, even (D) budget as (E) budget that
例：Just as Ireland has produced many famous writers and the Netherlands on abundance of famous painters, so Finland has provided a large number of famous architects. （P775.10）
(A) so Finland has provided a large number of famous architects (B) Finland provides famous architects, and by large numbers
(C) Finland’s contribution is to provided famous architects in a large number (D) and so then, for Finland, a large number of famous architects is provided (E) and like them Finland has provided a large number of famous architects 例：No sooner had Andrea del Sarto traveled to France to work for the French king but his wife persuaded him to return to Italy.（P676.4） (A) but his wife persuaded him to return (B) but his wife had him persuaded into returning (C) than he was persuaded by his wife that he will return (D) but he was persuaded by his wife into returning (E) than his wife persuaded him to return
例：Chaplin will not be remembered for espousing radical causes any more than they will remember Wayne for endorsing conservative political candidates.（P677.6） (A) any more than they will remember Wayne (B) as will Wayne not be remembered (C) any more than Wayne will been remember (D) just as they will not remember Wayne (E) no more than Wayne will be remembered 9. 双主语
N SVO / N, SVO / N, S, VO。
例：The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, whose origins are hotly debated.（P863.10）
(A) The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, whose origins are
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SAT语法讲义
hotly debated.
(B) The Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, its origins are hotly debated.
(C) Possibly one of Europe’s oldest languages, the origins of Basque are hotly debated.
(D) The origins of the Basque language, possibly one of Europe’s oldest, are hotly debated.
(E) Basque is hotly debated as a language whose origins are possibly Europe’s oldest.
10. 同位语优先 主语，…，VO
1. The comet has recently changed direction toward Jupiter, which is leading scientists to wonder about the composition of the object. (A) which is leading scientists to wonder about (B) this development leading scientists to wonder about (C) and with it scientists’ wonder of
(D) a development leading scientists to wonder about (E) this leading scientists to wonder on
2. The rare-earth metal dysprosium, being a member of the lanthanide series, and is in group IIIb of the periodic table. (A) dysprosium, being a member of the lanthanide series, and is in group IIIb of the periodic table
(B) dysprosium is a member of the lanthanide series, it is in group IIIb of the periodic table
(C) dysprosium, a member of the lanthanide series, is in group IIIb of the periodic table
(D) dysprosium is in group IIIb of the periodic table being a member of the lanthanide series
(E) dysprosium, to be a member of the lanthanide series, is in group IIIb of the
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SAT语法讲义
periodic table
3. By the time she was twenty-one, Jane Austen had begun writing a novel which she initially titled First Impressions and which she later called Pride and Prejudice, this is a book that many fans consider her best work.
(A) this is a book that many fans consider her best work (B) since many fans consider this her best work (C) the best work that many fans considered it to be (D) a book that many fans consider her best work (E) it is considered by many fans as her best work
4. At only four-feet-eight inches and ninety-four pounds, a small frame being necessary for a gymnast, Mary Lou Retton captured the hearts of the American people and won a gold medal in the 1984 Olympic Games. (A)a small frame being necessary for a gymnast (B) having a small frame necessary for a gymnast (C) being small frame necessary for a gymnast (D) a small frame necessary for a gymnast
(E) because her small frame is necessarily for gymnasts
11．代词pronoun （it, they, their, which, that） ①singular & plural；
②不能pro-verb, per-sentence；
例：During the labor dispute, barrels of potatoes were emptied across the highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic.（P599.4） (A) highway, and they thereby blocked it to all traffic (B) highway and thereby blocking it to all traffic (C) highway, by which all traffic was therefore blocked (D) highway, and therefore this had all traffic blocked (E) highway, thereby blocking all traffic
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SAT语法讲义
③不能pro-none; ④ambiguous usage;
⑤一个句子有两个同样的指代，成立前提是必须指代同一内容 ―― plague原则
例：The lawyers representing the parking-lot operators asserted as to the defensibility of their practices as legal and ethical.（P615.6）
(A) as to the defensibility of their practices as legal and ethical
(B) as to their practices and their defensibility on legal and ethical grounds (C) that their practices, that is the operators, are defensible in legal terms as well as ethics
(D) that in regards to defensibility their practices are legally and ethically defensible
(E) that the practices of the operators are legally and ethically defensible
12. S，…，V＋O 错误用法： S, ... , doing+O S, ... , which / that +O S, ... , and +v. +O S, ... , he / she +v.+O
例：The problem of water pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas because the treatment and release of industrial wastes are not adequately regulated.（P954.2） (A) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas because (B) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas and (C) pollution, frequently compounded in certain areas when (D) pollution is frequently compounded in certain areas where (E) pollution is frequently compounded in certain areas and
13. S+V+O；S+V+O→S+V+O；it+V+O it只能指代上一句话的主语。
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