终影响产气速率与效率;此外,由于细胞移动与酶扩散困难,需要加大接种量来实现快速启动,增加了运行成本。二是反应基质的结构、组成以及颗粒大小等呈不均匀性[ 8 ] ,使得系统运行难以控制,连续运行不稳定。三是搅拌阻力大,使得基质搅拌混合困难。同时由于干法厌氧发酵取样以及系统控制等难度较大,研究工作相对开展得少,也不系统、不深入,特别是在工程平台上开展的干法研究工作则更少[ 43 - 44 ]。为提高干法厌氧发酵技术的研究水平并加快其示范应用,特别是提高以农业有机固体废弃物为主要底物的干法厌氧消化技术水平,应加强以下几个方面的研究工作:一是针对干法厌氧发酵接种量大与启动慢这个难题,加强底物水解进程、产酸特征与产酸量的基础研究工作;同时对接种物中厌氧微生物数量与功效作定量分析,阐明底物特征与接种量之间的定量关系,以减少接种量与缩短启动时间。二是针对农业有机固体废弃物底物中纤维素、木质素等难降解物含量高这个特点,研发操作简便、成本低且与后续厌氧消化相耦合的预处理技术;同时研究厌氧条件下木质纤维类化合物降解的动力学特征与加速降解的技术与途径。三是选择与优化工艺路线,特别是针对我国农村村镇垃圾、秸秆等固体废弃物,研究设计投资省、运行稳、效率高的厌氧发酵新工艺,以解决干法厌氧发酵中介质不均匀、传质速度慢等难点。四是研究干法厌氧发酵消化过程中固液界面的微生物群落多样性变化特征,随固体底物水解而产生的微生物群落变化及其对消化进程的影响等。
结论
据石元春[ 45 ]院士分析,我国年产农林废弃物资源实物量(干重)为14. 35 亿t,可用于生物质产业开发的实物量为9. 5 亿t,其中作物秸秆占46% ,薪柴薪炭林和林地残积物占33% ,畜禽粪便占12. 5% ,其他占8. 5%。可见能用于生物质开发的均是固体含量高的农林废弃物。因此,开展有机固体废物的干法厌氧发酵工艺研究,对推动我国生物质能产业发展具有重要意义。
致谢 感谢导师和对论文工作有直接贡献及帮助的人士和单位
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