知调整来改变病态的心理防卫机制,逐步适应,回归正常反应。CBT有各种模式,最流行的是 Resilience模式。Resilience模式强调,人有一种巨大的对抗内在外在压力的能力,可通过把这种内在的能量挖掘出来,把这种内在的能力调动起来的方式来达到康复目的。研究发现, 恢复较好的病人, 其 Resiliency指数通常较高,说明他们的应对能力和应对机制起了很好的作用(Tschan et al. 2011)。因此, Resiliency可以作为躯体形式的慢性主观性眩晕的预后指标。
进入21世纪,随着提出CSD新概念,CBT也开始应用于慢性主观性眩晕的治疗。文献报告, 80%的病人都有在医学上无法充分解释的器质性疾病,而与心因性因素有关
(Schmid et al. 2011)。慢性病对人的心理产生巨大影响,心因性因素在慢性眩晕中的比重尤其高,导致病态心理。 例如前庭神经元炎病人长期不敢转头,以避免运动带来不良感觉刺激和头晕。这种自发性防卫机制所产生的回避行为,逐渐形成了一些不良的适应性行为和生活方式,使代偿机制半途停止不能完全形成,以致长期处于病态功能状态
(Staab 2008)。继发性病变,例如继发性焦虑症,会干扰前庭代偿机制的形成,焦虑、紧张、压力、抑郁都会妨害前庭代偿机制的发展(Saman et al. 2012)。近年来,CBT在慢性主观性眩晕的治疗中,取得了一定的效果(Fogel& Jacob 2002; Holmberg et al.
2006),引起了人们的关注,也让医生在单靠药物治疗之外,又看到了一些治疗的希望。 实践使我们认识到,Bio-CBT生物反馈治疗可能比较更理想。给CBT装上一个生物反馈信号的镜子,如果CBT像飞镖一样需要击中精神源性眩晕这个标靶,有了镜子,能看到标靶在哪里,才容易将飞镖投向标靶,才容易调整,击中标靶。也就是,通过生物反馈的方式达到较好的CBT调整治疗效果。仅靠生物信号反馈提供的放松技术,可能无法达到强化行为治疗,挖掘内在抗压康复力的目的,单靠CBT的强化行为治疗,可能缺乏一个可以看得见标靶的镜子来达到更好调动内在调节力的目的。两者结合优势互补,可能会有更好的效果。随着近年来心身疾病和精神疾病领域的治疗,出现了生物反馈技术与认知行为治疗结合的趋势,Bio-CBT可能会成为一种新的尝试方向。Bio-CBT通过融合两种技术,将放松技术和积极心理干预结合,通过生物反馈信号这面镜子强化治疗效果,无疑会对CSD治疗起到积极作用。因此,Bio-CBT技术对精神源性眩晕的治疗,是一项充满希望的开拓性工作。
生物反馈治疗与前庭康复(Bio-CBT—VRT)
Bio-CBT—VRT是指Bio-CBT生物反馈治疗结合前庭康复治疗。以下情况,都用当考虑进行Bio-CBT—VRT治疗,以取得较好的效果。
单纯性CSD,包括CSD的三个类型,都是进行Bio-CBT生物反馈治疗的适应症。但是如果具有躯体症状,可能应适当考虑Bio-CBT—VRT治疗。 Tian, Bio-CBT
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合并性CSD,即合并器质性疾患或活动性前庭疾患的CSD,单纯进行Bio-CBT生物反馈治疗是不够的,需要进行病因治疗,同时结合VRT治疗。也就是需要在进行病因治疗的同时,进行Bio-CBT—VRT治疗。
量表评估显示有躯体症状的CSD,无论是单纯性CSD还是合并性CSD,在上述治疗外,应当进行VRT治疗,能够有效改善症状。无论是来自器质性前庭疾患,还是心因性疾患,病人都不同程度的存在生理性的回避,或是心理性的回避,以回避引起眩晕可能。前庭康复(VRT)对于克服病人的回避行为,具有积极的脱敏作用,并且促进代偿功能的建立。
评估精神性疾患或合并症的严重程度是很重要的。焦虑(Burn或HAM-A)和抑郁(DBI或MAM-D)量表评估的重度患者,特别是有自杀倾向的,应当及时转精神科治疗。
实施步骤和方法(Approach &Methods)
1. 建立CSD诊断标准和分型标准。 参考精神源性眩晕一文(Tian 2012) 使用本Proposal的标准,进行培训 收集病例和分档
2. 建立评估系统和评估指标。
VAT—Scale(DHI/HADS/VSS/DBI-HAMD/Burn-HAMA)—Biofeedback 预实验
使用和操作培训
3. 建立Bio-CBT生物反馈治疗流程和方法。 Bio-CBT 生物反馈治疗protocol 培训 Bio-CBT—VRT治疗方法介绍及培训
4. 正式开始
5. 评估治疗效果
6. 总结病案、分析数据,暨写论文
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