My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经戒烟了。 37.不再 ①no more = no longer 如：
I play tennis no more/ longer.我不再打网球。 ②not …any more = not …any longer 如：
I don’t play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打网球。 38. go to sleep 入睡
Unit3
1.语态：
①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态 主动语态表示是动作的执行者
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。 Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态) 鱼被猫吃。 ②被动语态的构成
由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成
助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完
全一样。 时态 被动语态结构 例句 am 一般现English is spoken in many are +过去分词 在 时 countries. is 一般过was +过去分词 This bridge was built in 去 时 were + 过去分词 1989. can/should 情 态 may +be+过去The work must be done right 动 词 分词 now. must/… ③被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：
Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如： Lily is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。 3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
让/使（别人）做某事 get sth. done (过去分词)
have sth. done (过去分词)
如：I get my car mended. = I have my car mended. 我让别人修好我的车
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4. enough 足够
形容词＋enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮 enough＋名词 如：enough food 足够食物 enough to 足够…去做…
如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is old enough to go to school. 她够大去读书了。
5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止说话。 stop to do sth. 停止下来去做其他事 Please stop to speak. 请停下来去说话。
6. 看起来好像…sb. seem to do sth. = it seems that +从句
He seems to feel very sad.=It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤
心。
7. 系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词作表语外，一般都是接形容词。 如：
They are very happy. He became a doctor (n.)two years ago. She felt very tired. 8. 倒装句:
由so＋助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词＋主语 意为：…也是一样 She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。
She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是
She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。 She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校，他也是。 9. yet 仍然，还 常用在否定句或疑问句当中
10. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。 11. clean up 打扫 整理 如：I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧
室。
12. 程度副词：
always总是 usually经常 sometimes有时 never从不 如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school. 我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。 13. 曾经做某事：
Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. /No, I don’t. Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. /No, I haven’t. 14. go shopping(去购物), go fishing(去钓鱼), go swimming(去游泳), go
boating(去划船), go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)
15. be strict with sb. 对某人严厉 如：Mother is strict with her son. 妈妈对她
的儿子很严厉。
be strict in sth. 对某（事）物要求严格 16. take the test 参加考试
pass the test 通过考试 fail the test 考试失败
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17. the other day 前几天
18. agree 同意 反义词 disagree不同意 动词
agreement 同意 反义词 disagreement 不同意 名词
18. keep sb/ sth. ＋形容词 使某人/某物保持 …… 如： We should keep our city clean.我们应该保持我们的城市干净。 19. both…and…+动词
如： Both Jim and Li Ming play basketball.
20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向某人学习(什么) 如：
Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语 21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事 have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事 如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing.
22. at present 目前
23. at least 最少 at most 最多 24. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay
sth. take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book. sth. cost (sb.) … The book cost (me) 100yuan. sb. spend … on sth. She spent 10days on this book. sb. spend …doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book. sb. pay … for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book. 25. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off 26. reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.
27. agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei. 28. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍 如：
Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。 29. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv. 30. think about 与think of 的区别
①当两者译为： 认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用 I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。
②think about 还有“考虑”之意 ，think of 想到、想出时两者不能互用 At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。 We are thinking about going to Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。 31. 对… 热衷， 对…兴趣
be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。 be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。 32. practice doing 练习做某事 She often practice speaking English. 33. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often care about her son. 34. also 也 用于句中 I am also a student. 我也是一个学生
either也 用于否定句且用于句末 I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。
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too 也 用于肯定句且用于句末 I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。
Unit4
1. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句，即“虚拟语气”。 通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。
if 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句，非真实条件句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为： 句 型 条件从句 主 句 动词过去式(be动词谓语动词形式 would+动词原形 用were) 即：(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were), (一般过去时)
(主句) 主语+would+动词原形 (过去将来时) 如：If I had time, I would go for a walk. 如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间) If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你) I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员)
2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now. pretend +从句 假装… I pretended that I fell asleep.
3. be late for 迟到 如：I am late for work/ school/ class/ party. 4. a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 ⑴ a few 一些 修饰可数名词
a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者都表肯定意义 如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。
There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 ⑵ few 少数的 修饰可数名词
little 少数的 修饰不可数名词 但两者都表否定意义 如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。
There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。 5. still 仍然,还 用在be动词之后，行为动词之前 如：
I am still a student.我仍然是个学生 I still love him.我仍然爱他。
6. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several 一词时要不能加s ，反之，则要加s 并与of 连用， 表示数量很多
如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people 几百/千/百万/十亿人 hundreds of trees 上百棵树
7. what if + 从句 如果…怎么办 ， 要是… 又怎么样 如： What if she doesn’t come? 要是她不来怎么办？
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What if Li Lei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？
8. add sth. to sth. 添加…到… 如：I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。
9. 系动词与形容词连用
get nervous 变得紧张 feel shy 觉得害羞 look friendly 看起来友好 10. too +形/副+to do sth. 太…而不能 如：I’m too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。
11. help with sth. 如：They help with this problem. help sb. do. 如：They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松
12. in public 在公共场所 如：Don’t smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟。 13. energetic adj. 活力的 如：She is a energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩。 energy n. 活力 如：She has lots of energies. 她有活力。
14. ask sb. to do 叫…做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. ask sb. not to do sth.叫…不要做某事 tell sb. to do 告诉…做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉…不要做某Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.
15. start doing = start to do. 开始做某事 如： He started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。
16. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物 如：
I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。 17.wait for sb.等某人 如：I am wait for him. 我正在等他。 18. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人 如：
I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。 19. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 如：
Lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。 20. have dinner/ supper 吃晚饭
have lunch/ breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐
21. plenty of 修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词 许多 如： They have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果。 22. 给某人某物 give sth. to sb. 如： give an apple to me give sb. sth. 如： give me an apple 给我一个苹果 23. get along with sb. 与…相处 如：
Do you get along well with your friends? 你和你的朋友相处得好吗？ 24. would rather do sth. than do sth. 表示愿做某事而不愿做某事 如：I would rather walk than run. 25. whole 整个 26. in fact 事实上
27. let sb. down 让某人失望 如：Don’t let your mother down. 不要让你的妈妈失望。
28. come up with sth. 提出 想出
如：He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意。
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