吉林建筑工程学院硕士学位论文
摘要
随着经济持续快速发展，人民生活的水平不断提高，空调普及率在逐年提高，其能耗也在不断增长。而空调系统在运行时有大量余热的浪费。如何减少空调能耗越来越引起人们的重视。在空调系统中采用热回收装置，可以有效的回收排风中的冷热量，并用其对室外新风进行一定的预处理，从而可以实现在不增加能耗的情况下增大室内的新风比，提高室内空气品质，减少加热新风所需的能量，降低机组负荷，提高系统的经济性，达到节能和环保的双重目的。
由于严寒地区的新风机组在冬季运行时，经常发生冻损事故，以致不能保证室内空气品质。为解决此问题，本文提出了将热管热泵低温热能回收机组应用于空调新风机组，充分利用建筑物的排风预热新风，从而提高新风机组入口的新风温度，有效地延长了新风机组在整个采暖期的运行时间，解决热泵机组、新风机组在严寒地区冬季运行的冻损问题，保证了良好的室内空气品质。
本文首先分析了热管和热泵热回收在国内外的应用情况，再从理论上讨论了热管热泵低温热能回收机组运行的可行性。并对热管热泵低温热能回收机组进行了理论与实验研究。在理论方面，论述了热管热泵低温热能回收机组的组成、工作原理及空气处理过程；给出了热管热泵低温热能回收机组的设计方法；提出了系统热能回收的设计计算方法。在实验方面，搭建了热管热泵低温热能回收机组的实验台，并对实验结果进行了理论分析与计算。
通过对热管热泵低温热能回收机组的实测研究，初步掌握了系统的运行特征和实际运行效果，实验研究结果表明：该系统在运行期间运行稳定，新风送风温度平均提高33℃左右，满足新风预热要求；系统平均热回收效率为83%，最高可达92%，热回收效果显著；耗电量大大降低，平均节省22%的运行费用；对系统的经济性和健康性分析的结果表明，系统投资回收期为2.73年，具有良好的经济性；该系统解决了寒冷地区新风机组冻裂的问题，可以向室内持续供给新风，保证建筑内人员对新风的需求，改善室内环境，具体有良好的健康性。
关键词 严寒地区；热管热泵；低温热回收；节能环保
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吉林建筑工程学院硕士学位论文
Abstract
With the sustained rapid economic growth, the living standards of people are rising continuously. As a result, the popularity of air conditioning is enhancing year by year. At the same time, its energy consumption is also growing. There is a large deal of waste heat in the operation of the air conditioning system. Therefore, how to reduce air conditioning energy consumption has drawn increasing attention from people. To adopt a heat recovery installation in the air conditioning system can recover the cold heat from ventilation effectively. The cold heat can be used to do a certain degree of pretreatment to outdoor fresh air. Thereby, without increasing of energy consumption, the indoor air ratio in increased, the indoor air quality is improved, and the energy required to heat fresh air is also reduced. Consequently, the dual purpose of energy saving and environmental protection can be achieved through reducing the load of unit and improving the economical property of the system.
As there are frequent freeze damage accidents when fresh air unit operates in cold regions’ winter, the indoor air quality cannot be guaranteed. To solve this problem, this paper puts forward the suggestion that to apply low-temperature heat pipe heat pump heat recovery units to the air-conditioned fresh air unit. So the fresh air can be preheated with full use of building’s ventilation. Thereby, the temperature of fresh air is enhanced and running time of the fresh air unit in the heating period is effectively extended. Consequently, the freeze damage problem of heat pump unit and fresh air unit in winter of the cold regions is solved. At the same time, this can ensure good indoor air quality. This paper first analyzes applications of the heat recovery of heat pipe heat pump at home and abroad, and then discusses the feasibility of low-temperature heat pipe heat pump heat recovery units theoretically. Also, theoretical and experimental researches are done to this heat recovery unit. Theoretically, the constitution, working principle and air treatment process of the unit are discussed. The design of the heat recovery unit is also given. Experimentally, the laboratory bench of low-temperature heat pipe heat pump heat recovery unit is built. Theoretical analysis and calculation is also made based on the experimental results.
Through the measurement studies of the unit, the running characteristics and results of the system are gained tentatively. The experimental results show that: the system operates stably in running period, the temperature of fresh air
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吉林建筑工程学院硕士学位论文
supplied increases by 33℃ averagely, thus the fresh air preheat requirement is met; the average heat recovery efficiency is 83%, up to 92%, so heat recovery effect is remarked; power consumption is greatly reduced, with an average saving of 22% of operating costs; the analysis results of the economical and safe property of the system shows that the payback period of the system is 2.73 years, so the economical property is good; the system has solved the frost crack problem of fresh air in cold regions, and through supplying fresh air continuously to the room, the need for fresh air of those who are inside the building is ensured, indoor environment is improved, thus this system is of good safety.
Key words: cold regions; heat pipe heat pump; low temperature heat recovery; energy saving and environmental protection
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吉林建筑工程学院硕士学位论文
目 录
摘要 ...............................................................................................................................I Abstract ...................................................................................................................... II 第1章 绪论 ................................................................................................................ 1 1.1课题来源及研究的目的和意义 ........................................................................ 1 1.1.1热管热泵低温热能回收装置与绿色建筑 ................................................. 1 1.1.2课题来源 ..................................................................................................... 2 1.1.3课题的提出及研究的目的和意义 ............................................................. 4 1.2国内外在该方向的研究现状及分析 ................................................................ 5 1.2.1国内研究和应用现状 ................................................................................. 5 1.2.2国外研究现状 ............................................................................................. 6 1.3本课题的主要研究内容 .................................................................................... 7 1.3.1本课题研究的目的及方法 ......................................................................... 7 1.3.2主要研究内容 ............................................................................................. 7 1.4本章小结 ............................................................................................................ 8 第2章 建筑通风热能回收理论分析 ........................................................................ 9 2.1 建筑通风热能回收系统介绍 ........................................................................... 9 2.2 建筑通风热能回收理论分析 ......................................................................... 10 2.2.1板式显热热交换器 ................................................................................... 10 2.2.2热管换热器 ............................................................................................... 11 2.2.3板翅式全热热交换器 ............................................................................... 12 2.2.4转轮式全热热交换器 ............................................................................... 14 2.2.5热泵 ........................................................................................................... 15 2.3建筑通风热能回收方式性能对比 .................................................................. 16 2.3.1各种热交换器性能比较 ........................................................................... 16 2.3.2 热回收装置投资的回收期 ...................................................................... 17 2.4 本章小结 ......................................................................................................... 17 第3章 热管热泵低温热能回收机组的原理与设计 ............................................. 18 3.1 热管热泵低温热能回收原理 ......................................................................... 18 3.2 热管热泵低温热能回收新风机组的空气处理过程 ..................................... 20 3.3 空调系统新风量的计算 ................................................................................. 22
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吉林建筑工程学院硕士学位论文
3.4 热管热泵低温热能回收的设计计算 ............................................................. 24 3.4.1 热泵设计计算 .......................................................................................... 24 3.4.2 热管设计计算 .......................................................................................... 26 3.5 本章小结 ......................................................................................................... 30 第4章 热管热泵低温热能回收机组实验台的搭建 ............................................. 31 4.1 实验研究方案及计划 ..................................................................................... 31 4.1.1 实验研究方案 .......................................................................................... 31 4.1.2实验计划 ................................................................................................... 31 4.2 实验环境室的设计 ......................................................................................... 32 4.3 实验台的设备 ................................................................................................. 33 4.3.1 实验台主要设备 ...................................................................................... 33 4.3.2测量设备 ................................................................................................... 34 4.4 测量仪器的校核 ............................................................................................. 37 4.5实验数据的采集 .............................................................................................. 38 4.6 测试方法与步骤 ............................................................................................. 42 4.6.1 测点位置和测定点 .................................................................................. 42 4.6.2 实验步骤 .................................................................................................. 43 4.7实验结果与分析 .............................................................................................. 44 4.7.1最冷日系统的运行结果与分析 ............................................................... 44 4.7.2 测试期间系统的运行结果与分析 .......................................................... 50 4.8本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 55 第5章 热管热泵低温热能回收机组的可行性分析 ............................................. 56 5.1热管热泵低温热能回收机组的经济性分析 .................................................. 56 5.2热管热泵低温热能回收机组的节能性分析 .................................................. 58 5.3热管热泵低温热能回收机组的健康性分析 .................................................. 58 5.4本章小结 .......................................................................................................... 59 第6章 结论与待解决的问题 .................................................................................. 61 6.1结论 .................................................................................................................. 61 6.2待解决的问题 .................................................................................................. 63 参考文献 .................................................................................................................... 64 攻读学位期间发表的学术论文 ................................................................................ 68 吉林建筑工程学院硕士学位论文原创声明............................................................ 69 吉林建筑工程学院硕士论文使用授权书................................................................ 70
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