Unit 11
Compound dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answers in the corresponding space below. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.
Humanistic theories have (1) ___ promoting child-rearing approaches that respect every child’s uniqueness. Humanism is (2) ___ model of humankind. It goes deeper than behaviorism by considering internal factors, such as (3) ___. Humanistic theories (4) ___ people’s ability to take charge of their lives and (5) ___. Abraham Maslow was one important humanistic psychologist in history. He identified (6) ___ that motivate human behavior. According to Maslow, these needs operate on (7) ___, from basic survival up to the acme of (8) ___. People must meet their most elemental needs first before they can (9) ___ those on the next level, and so forth, until they reach (10) ___ of needs. Starving people, for example, will (11) ___ to obtain food; once they know they will live, they can (12) ___; once safe, they consider their need for love, and so forth. As (13) ___ of needs is addressed, people look to the next higher level. Maslow’s ideal is the “self-actualized person,” who (14) ___, attained by possibly 1 % of the world population.
A self-actualized person displays high levels of (15) ___: perception of reality; acceptance of self, of others, and of nature; spontaneity; (16) ___; self-direction; detachment and the desire for privacy; (17) ___ and richness of emotional reaction; frequency of peak experiences; identification with other human beings; (18) ___ with other people; a democratic character structure; creativity; and (19) ___. No one ever become completely self-actualized, but the person who is developing (20) ___ is always moving up to levels that are even more self-fulfilling.
1. ____________________________ 2. ___________________________
3. ________________________________ 4. _______________________________ 7. ________________________________ 8. _______________________________ 11. ________________________________ 12. _______________________________ 15. ________________________________ 16. _______________________________ 19. ________________________________ 20. _______________________________
5. ____________________________ 6. ___________________________
9. ____________________________ 10. ___________________________
13. ____________________________ 14. ___________________________
17. ____________________________ 18. ___________________________
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Unit 12
Compound dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answers in the corresponding space below. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.
In the United States, accidents are now (1) ___ death in childhood. At the top of the tragic list are deaths (2) ___. Today, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have laws requiring young children (3) ___ in cars, either in specially designed seats or by standard seat belts. Such laws are important: children not in restraints are 11 times (4) ___ in a car accident than children who are restrained.
Legislation, however, does not ensure that children will use seat belts. Many children do not like them, and parents (5) ___. A recent study, however, found that children whose preschool teachers use (6) ___ to stress the importance of seat belts will, in fact, insist not only that they are buckled in, but that their parents (7) ___ as well. Educating children brought better results than threatening parents with police checks and fines.
Most other accidents occur (8) ___: children drown in bathtubs and pools as well as (9) ___; are burned in fires and explosions; drink (10) ___ ; choke on loose parts of toys; shoot each other playing with loaded guns; (11) ___; get caught in mechanical contrivances; and suffocate in unexpected traps (12) ___.
Children are naturally venturesome and (13) ___. Their innocence puts (14) ___ parents and other caretakers, who must tread a delicate line between not protecting children and smothering them. The greatest burden, though, should be (15) ___. Federal laws have already been passed requiring “child-proof” caps on medicine bottles, and (16) ___ between bars on cribs to prevent babies from (17) ___.
One ironic development followed (18) ___ requiring children’s sleepwear to be made flame-retardant. Further research suggested that the chemicals originally (19) ___ the sleepwear might be carcinogenic, posing a different hazard. Thus, concerned citizens must be (20) ___ protect children.
1. ____________________________ 2. ___________________________
3. ________________________________ 4. _______________________________ 7. ________________________________ 8. _______________________________ 11. ________________________________ 12. _______________________________ 15. ________________________________ 16. _______________________________
5. ____________________________ 6. ___________________________
9. ____________________________ 10. ___________________________
13. ____________________________ 14. ___________________________
17. ____________________________ 18. ___________________________
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19. ________________________________ 20. _______________________________
Unit 13
Compound dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answers in the corresponding space below. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.
Both abuse and neglect often have (1) ___. Teenagers who failed to thrive in infancy are likely to have (2) ___ physical, intellectual and emotional problems, (3) ___ the emotional neglect they suffered. Adults who were sexually abused when they were children are often (4) ___, angry, hostile, or aggressive. They frequently suffer from low self-esteem, are (5) ___, and feel isolated and stigmatized. Not surprisingly, they tend to be sexually maladjusted themselves. They (6) ___ self-destructive behavior like drug abuse, or (7) __ like crime and they are likely to be raped or sexually assaulted as adults.
Abuse is (8) ___ if a non-abusive parent is unsupportive on hearing of it, if the child is (9) ___, and if the child has suffered from more than one type of abuse. Many abused and neglected babies are (10) ___, especially if there is a supportive grandparent or (11) ___ to whom the baby can form an attachment. Two-thirds of abused children go on to (12) ___ their own children, only one-third perpetuate (13) ___. Those who become good parents are likely to have had more people (14) ___ to whom they could turn for help, and they are more likely to have (15) ___ or love relationship in adulthood. They are more openly angry about and better able to (16) ___ of abuse. Furthermore, they are more likely to have been abused by only one parent and to have had a loving, supportive relationship with (17) ___.
Growing up to become an abuser is far from (18) ___ of being abused as a child. The expectation that the one always causes the other seems to (19) ___ a self-fulfilling prophecies in some cases; in other cases, parents who have broken the cycle feel like “walking time bombs,” (20) ___ into violence against their own children.
1. ____________________________ 2. ___________________________
3. ________________________________ 4. _______________________________ 7. ________________________________ 8. _______________________________ 11. ________________________________ 12. _______________________________ 15. ________________________________ 16. _______________________________
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5. ____________________________ 6. ___________________________
9. ____________________________ 10. ___________________________
13. ____________________________ 14. ___________________________
17. ____________________________ 18. ___________________________
19. ________________________________ 20. _______________________________
Unit 14
Compound dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answers in the corresponding space below. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.
Parents, of course, (1) ___ the culture they have grown up in and so will treat (2) ___. The differences in their treatment of sons and daughters are (3) ___ in early childhood than in infancy.
Parents tend to socialize boys (4) ___ girls – to punish them more, but also to (5) ___ them more. Parents are more likely to (6) ___ like real boys and avoid acting like girls than they are to pressure girls to (7) ___ and act in feminine ways. Girls have had (8 ) ___ in the clothes they wear, the games they play, and the people they play with.
Why do many adults seem to (9) ___ boys? Even in this supposedly enlightened age, many parents seem to think that boys are (10) ___ and that it therefore matters more (11) ___. It is also possible, however, that boys’ (12) ___ parents’ guidance demands more attention. No matter what the cause of this different treatment, its result is the accentuation of (13) ___ between males and females. This attitude seems to be changing (14) ___ in society change.
Young children also get message about “sex-appropriate” behavior from differences (15) ___ their mothers and fathers act. Fathers, more than mothers, engage in (16) ___ and encourage children’s performance on tasks. They also dominate conversation more, telling their children what to do and interrupting them more often. (17) ___, children observe two different styles of behavior – and (18) ___ identification are likely to (19) ___ the same-sex parent. Changing parents’ attitudes (20) ___, but it should be done.
1. ____________________________ 2. ___________________________
3. ________________________________ 4. _______________________________ 7. ________________________________ 8. _______________________________ 11. ________________________________ 12. _______________________________ 15. ________________________________ 16. _______________________________
5. ____________________________ 6. ___________________________
9. ____________________________ 10. ___________________________
13. ____________________________ 14. ___________________________
17. ____________________________ 18. ___________________________
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19. ________________________________ 20. _______________________________
Unit 15
Compound dictation
Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answers in the corresponding space below. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.
The Geneva Conventions are (1) ___ governing the protection of civilians (2) ___, the treatment of prisoners of war, and the care of the wounded and sick (3) ___. The first convention, covering the sick and wounded, was concluded in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1864; it was (4) ___ in 1906. A third convention, in 1929, covered prisoners of war. Outrange at the treatment of prisoners and civilians (5) ___ by some belligerents, notably Germany and Japan, (6) ___, in August, 1949, of 4 new conventions. Three of these restated and strengthened the previous conventions, and the fourth (7) ___ of international law governing the treatment of civilians in wartime.
The 1949 convention for civilians provided for (8) ___ for the following categories of people: wounded persons, children under 15 years of age, (9) ___, and the elderly. Discrimination was forbidden on (10) ___ grounds. Torture, collective punishment, reprisals, the unwarranted (11) ___ and the forced use of civilians for an occupier’s armed forces (12) ___ under the 1949 conventions.
Also included in the new 1949 treaties was (13) ___ humanely, feed them adequately, and (14) ___ to them. They were not to be forced to disclose more than (15) ___.
More countries (16) ___ all or most of the humanitarian conventions as binding. A nation is not free to withdraw its ratification of the convention during the wartime. However, there is no (17) ___ to apprehend, or to punish violators.
Officials in Switzerland scheduled a meeting on (18) ___ with representatives from different nations to (19) ___ on how to apply the principles of the Geneva Conventions to (20) ___.
1. ____________________________ 2. ___________________________
3. ________________________________ 4. _______________________________ 7. ________________________________ 8. _______________________________ 11. ________________________________ 12. _______________________________ 15. ________________________________ 16. _______________________________
5. ____________________________ 6. ___________________________
9. ____________________________ 10. ___________________________
13. ____________________________ 14. ___________________________
17. ____________________________ 18. ___________________________
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