2012年职称英语理工类B级真题及参考答案之阅读理解
收集：博大教育专家 来源：http://www.enbroad.com/article-5494.html?page=5
第4部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇Active Gallery: The best of Bionics(仿生学)Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet, but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes(长颈鹿)， which are otherwise calm and good-natured, sleep only 4.6 hours a day. We realized a long, long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint(蓝图)for invention. We've borrowed canals from beavers(河狸)and reflectors from cat's eyes. Although the words \became popular only after the 1960s, history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday problems. Our archives(档案)don't go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes.
To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature. One of Orville Wright's pupils caught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan. Meanwhile, two French inventors examined spinning sycamore(梧桐) seeds in an effort to apply those same motions, reversed, to a helicopter.
Some examples are more obvious than others. The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks like a minimalistic (简单抽象艺术) structure. On the other hand, Barney Connett's fish submarine (潜水艇) actually looks like a fish. Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented. In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills animals in hope of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers(蚂蚱)-sounds shocking, doesn't it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.
31. \illustrateA. they are highly-evolved species as humans. B. humans can learn animals'skills. C. they are skillful in different ways.
D. animals have skills that humans do not possess. 【分析】
第一步：本题采用查读法，我们首先找到题干的信息词为：\\，examples。题干问的是第一段中提及到的\是要阐述____的例子。
第二步：我们接下来将信息词回归到原文中，根据题干的paragraph 1回归到原文的第一段中：Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet, but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes(长颈鹿)， which are otherwise calm and good-natured, sleep only 4.6 hours a day. 原文当中第一句说的是humans可能是星球上the most highly-evolved species，但是许多动物(most animals)拥有我们只能做梦才能想的技能(skills we can only dream of having)。然后后面举出了关于\和 \的例子，重点要说明的就是but后面的内容。
第三步：我们最后对比信息，只有选项A和D的内容出现在第一段中，所以在这两个选项中确定答案。选项A是but前面的内容，而选项D是but后面的内容，其中\do not possess(人类没有拥有)\和原文当中的\只能梦里才能拥有)\表达的是同一个意思，所以本题的正确答案为D选项。这道题解题的关键在两点，一是but后面的内容才是本段要阐述的主要内容，二是题干中\人类没有拥有)\和原文当中\只能梦里才能拥有)\是同义改写。 32. Which of the following can be found in the archive gallery? A. History books.
B. The Wright brothers'sculpture.
C. First practical airplanes built in the late 19th century. D. Leonardo da vinci's bird-like flying machines【分析】
第一步：本题采用查读法，我们首先找到题干的信息词为：archive gallery。题干问的是：在archive gallery里能发现下面的那一项?
第二步：我们接下来将信息词回归到原文中的第二段中：Our archives(档案)don't go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes.
第三步：我们最后对比信息和选项，发现选项C和D的内容出现在了原文中，所以我们在这两个选项中确定答案。原文说的是不会(don't go back)……Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines，但是能(but we can)……first practical airplanes，所以，
选项C的内容才是能在archive gallery里被发现的。所以本题的正确答案是C选项。本题的解题关键点也是要知道don't……，but……这个句子里面，重点在but后面的内容。 33. What happened after the Wright brothers'success? A. People carried out a systematic study on pigeons.
B. People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane. C. People could fly their airplane for fun. D. People kept their airplane at a French gallery. 【分析】
第一步：本题采用查读法，我们首先找到题干的信息词为：the Wright
brothers'success。题干问的是：在the Wright brothers'success后面发生了什么? 第二步：我们接下来将信息词回归到原文中的第三段前半部分：To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature. 第一句中提到了the Wright brothers，第二句中的Their success(他们的成功)很明显指代的就是the Wright brothers'success，所以答案在第二句话中，即Their success 激发了许多的后来者(inspired scores of successors)通过研究自然的方方面面(by studying various aspects of nature)去完善飞机(to improve on the airplane)。
第三步：我们最后对比信息和选项，选项A说的是研究鸽子，选项B说的是研究动植物来发展飞机，选项C说的是开飞机玩，选项D说的是把飞机保存在French gallery。对比以后我们选择选项B的内容更符合原文的意思，所以本题的正确答案是B选项。本题的解题关键点也是要知道studying various aspects of nature和studied more animals and plants表达的都是研究自然界的动植物的意思，而且improve on the airplane 和develop the airplane表达的都是提高改善飞机的意思。
34. Which of the following is true about the research carried out by the US Army? A. It has changed our life.
B. It has cost a large sum of money. C. It has improved the abilities of tanks. D. It has not succeeded yet. 【分析】
第一步：本题采用查读法，我们首先找到题干的信息词为：the US Army。题干问的是：下列哪项描述the US Army展开的研究是正确的第二步：我们接下来将信息词回归到原文中的最后一段：In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills animals in hope of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers(蚂蚱)-sounds shocking, doesn't it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that. 本段话的重点在but后面，说的是：如果我们能够达到那样(if we could achieve that)，生活将会发生怎么样的改变(how life would change)。用的是一个虚拟语气，也就是说实际上是没有达到的，所以生活还没有发生改变。
第三步：我们最后对比信息和选项，选项A说的是已经改变了我们的生活，排除掉;选项B的内容在原文中没有提及到，排除掉;选项C说的是已经完善了the abilities of tank，原文说的是希望(in hoping of)……abilities to tanks.，排除掉;选项D说的是还没有成功，该意思和原文内容意思相符，所以本题的正确答案为D选项。本题的解题关键点也是要知道最后一段的最后一句里面的虚拟语气用法。
35. What does the writer want to tell in the passage? A. Many inventions get ideas from nature. B. Some animals possess unique skills. C. People should protect nature. D. Bionics is far from perfect. 【分析】
第一步：本题问的是：作者想要在文章里面说什么?问的是文章的主旨大意，所以我们在文章的第一段，最后一段以及每段的段首段尾找答案。
第二步：选项A说的是许多发明点子来自于自然;选项B说的是一些动物拥有奇特的技能;选项C说的是人们应该保护自然;选项D说的是仿生学还不够完善;第三步：根据前面几道题的提示以及文章的主要段落的主要内容，B选项只是对文章第一段的概括，太片面了所以排除掉;C选项的内容在本文中没有涉及到，排除掉;D选项的内容在本文中也没有提及到，排除掉;所以本题的正确答案应该是A选项，即从动物植物身上，学习题目奇特的技能，并应用到我们的发明中。
第二篇Gross National HappinessIn the last century，new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However， one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia， the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan，however，was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read， and they did not know much about the outside world. Then，
in 1972， a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern， but without losing its traditions.
King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP)。 The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his country's progress by people's happiness. If the people's happiness increased， the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier， he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH)。 GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.
Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.
Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutan's GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land. Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow. 36. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck? A. A president. B. A buddist preist. C. A general. D. A king.