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Unit 2 The environment
一、阅读理解。
One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. ＂One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states.＂ said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.
In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions(规定) was the 1994 ＂Toubon law＂ in France, and the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often considered as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.
It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the ＂purity＂ of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but that has not been a barrier to acquiring superiority and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of the state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France. The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon- especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new ways of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend. 1.Neville Alexander believes that __________.
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A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countries B. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of Africa C. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trend D. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure 2.The underlined word ＂futile＂ (in paragraph 2) most probably means ＂ _________＂. A. workable C. useless
B. practical D. unnecessary
3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. English has taken over fields like public communication and education. B. Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English. C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language. D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect a national language. 4.The best title for the passage is __________. A. Fighting against the rule of English B. Protecting local languages and identities C. Globalization and multi-language trend D. To maintain the purity of language by law
【文章大意】现在世界全球化导致很多国家的独特的文化收到了冲击和影响，本文讲述的正是这方面的话题。很多国家都采取了很多的措施来保护本国的文化。
1.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段＂One of the main reasons for economic failure
in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states.＂ said Neville Alexander可知，他认为母语教育方面的缺失会导致经济方面的失败。故D正确。
2.C 【解析】词义猜测题。根据本句Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissed
as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.可知，很多语言专家都认为管理语言使用的努力是无用的，因为这样的控制是没有什么效果的。故C正确。
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4.B 【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段One of the main challenges facing many countries
is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend.可知，现在世界全球化导致很多国家的独特的文化受到了冲击和影响，本文讲述的正是这方面的话题。故B正确。
二、单项选择。
1.For an artist who has no lack of passion and great courage to overcome any difficulty，inspirations of his art will never _______.
A. break out B. run out C. work out D. pull out 【答案】B
【解析】run out 用完，耗尽，符合句意。break out 爆发；work out 计算，解决；pull out 驶出，脱离。句意：
对于一个不缺少激情和有勇气战胜任何困难的艺术家来说，他的艺术灵感将永远不会枯竭。 2.Meeting again by chance, Lucy and Amy are delighted to _______ the friendship where it left out years ago.
A. set up B. build up C. bring up D. pick up 【答案】D
【解析】set up 成立，建立；build up 逐步建立，增进；bring up 养育，培养；pick up 拾起，偶然学到，接收到，中途搭车，和好如初。pick up the friendship 意为“重拾友谊”，根据“where it left out years ago”(意为“在几年前遗落的地方(重拾友谊)”)，说明这里填 build up(建立友谊)不合适。句意：
碰巧又见面了，露西和艾米高兴地在她们数年前中断友谊的地方重拾友谊(即：中断的友谊仍可以重新开始)。
3.It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner. A. that B. how C. when D. why
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【答案】D
【解析】 句中的 it 是形式主语， 真正的主语是“______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.”根据句意，原句要表达的是“为什么这个老人没有立马报案这件事还未查明。 ”
4.We are committed to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless, a world _______ each and every comer is a true paradise.
A. that B. which C. of which D. from where 【答案】C
【解析】...of which 实际上就=whose...。句意：我们致力于创造一个没有无家可归者和无望者的世界，一个其中每一个角落都是真正天堂的世界。
5.Alice hasn’t turned up so far. _______ if she is absent today? We don’t even have the key yet.
A. How B. Why C. What D. When
【答案】 C。 What if…? “倘若……又会怎么样” 。 句意： “如果 今天她不来怎么办， 我们甚至没有钥匙。 ”
6._______ a certain doubt among the people whether the value of the project is practical.
A. It has B. They have C. It remains D. There remains 【答案】D
【解析】There is/remains some/certain doubt。句意：对于这个项目的实际价值人们仍然有怀疑。
7._______ knowledge a man has, _______ it is for him to get a good job. A. The more, more difficult B. The more, the easier C. The more, easier D. The less, more difficult 【答案】B
【解析】考查 the +比较级……，the+比较级用法，意为“越……越……”表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化。句意：一个人掌握的知识越多，找到好的工作就越容易。 8.A Chinese student’s print—like handwriting caused controversy among British Internet users, _______ both
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