D. grand more say to all the nations in the union.
根据该词所在的句子：The idea behind devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom. 这里的意思是，权力下放是为了使英国的各个地区之间能够重建平衡，所以应该选C选项。再比如2007年TEXT C 的第三个小题。
Richard’ s behavior as death approached showed A. bravery and self-control B. wisdom and correctness C. devotion and romance D. chivalry and charity
根据文章第三段对查理死前情况的描述，我们可以看出他能够勇敢而平静得面对死亡，将财产分给好友或者是馈赠给慈善机构，而且原谅了射杀他的弓箭手。所以D选项是正确选项。解此题的关键在于对于单词chivalry(骑士精神)的掌握。
2.主旨题。该种题型主要考察文章的大意、作品基调、作者态度和目的等。出题形式通常为：“What does the passage mainly discuss?”,
“Which of the following is the more appropriate tile for the passage?”。
3.推断题。推断题是根据作者暗示的信息和观点或者是某段/某句的言外之意而提出的问题。这类问题不仅要求考生读懂相关的文章内容，还要求考生能够做出正确的推论。以2007真题中的TEXT A 为例：文章第五小题
According to Dyfan Jones, what has changed is A. people’s mentality B. pop culture C. town’s appearance D. possibilities for the people
我们可以通过文章最后一段的内容：…is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago. “We used to think: We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s changing. ” 推导出来威尔士人心态的变化。所以A应该是正确选项。 再比如，2007年的TEXT C 的第三篇文章的第四个小题： The point of the last short paragraph is that Richard was
A. cheated by his own successor.
B. determined to take revenge on his enemies. C. more generous to his enemies than his successors. D. unable to influence the behavior of his successor 文章倒数第二段提到查理不仅原谅了射伤他的人而且还赠给他一些财物。文章最后却告诉我们，查理去世后，放箭的人受剥皮酷刑而死，由此我们可以推断出查理与他的继任者相比对敌人更加的宽容大度。所以，C选项为正确选项。
4. 词义题。此种题型用于测试考生对具体词义或指代关系的识别能力。其题干类型经常为：“The word ‘attribute’ in line means…”/ “What does the underlined phrase in line 38 refer to… ” 我们以2007年真题第一篇文章的第二个小题为例：
The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph means A. separatist B. conventional C. feudal D. political
该词所在的句子是：…to counter centrifugal forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union. 从中我们可以看出， “centrifugal” 与“union”相对。所以A为正确选项。
5.评价题。此题型用于测试考生对文章风格、写作手法等的分析能力。题干经常为：“What kind of writing technique does the writer use in the passage to…”/ “What are the ways the writer uses to create the gloomy impression in the passage?” 以2007年TEXT B 为例，该篇文章的第三个小题：
What is the role of the 4th and 5th paragraphs in the development of the topic?
A. To show how Kuwaiti women enjoy themselves. B. To describe how women work and study in Kuwait. C. To offer supporting evidence to the preceding paragraphs. D. To provide a contrast to the preceding paragraphs. 文章的第二、三段主要谈科威特妇女没有选举权。第四、五段着重论述科威特的妇女与其他海湾国家的妇女相比，已经享有了很大的自由。消极方面和积极方面的对比使我们选择D为正确选项。 再比如2007年真题的第三篇文章的第六个小题。
The relation between the first and second paragraphs is that A. each presents one side of the picture
B. the first generalizes, the second gives examples. C. the second is the logical result of the first D. both present Richard’s virtues and faults
通过阅读文章可知第一段描述的是查理酷爱战争；第二段描述的是查理虽说骁勇善战，但他不残暴而且仁慈慷慨。由此可知，这两段话分别从不同的角度对查理的性格特点作了描述。所以选择A项为正确选项。
专业八级汉英翻译中主语的确定
北京新东方学校唐静
一、翻译中的一个悖论